St. Nicolai (Marktbreit)
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Nicolai (also St. Nikolai ) in the Lower Franconian town of Marktbreit is the parish church for the Protestant community. It is located in the middle of the village on Pfarrgasse. The church belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran Dean's Office in Kitzingen .
history
The history of the church is closely related to that of the village. "Broite inferior", the lower width, was first mentioned in a document around 1266. A small chapel was mentioned in 1293 as a branch of the parish church in Ochsenfurt. At this point in time, a previous church already existed on the site of today's church. It was dedicated to St. Nicholas.
On July 18, 1324 the church was raised to a parish . The parish letter was issued by the Würzburg bishop Wolfram von Grumbach . A short time later, in the first half of the 14th century, construction of the new church began. In 1409, Unterbreit came to the Lords of Seinsheim , who supposedly expanded the village quickly. Engelhard von Seinsheim had the nave rebuilt in 1438 and designated the church as a burial place for his family.
In the middle of the 16th century, Lutheran ideas came to Unterbreit. Soon after, under Georg Ludwig von Seinsheim, the Reformation was officially introduced in the village. The first evangelical preacher in the village is documented for 1543, since 1551 Unterstbreit had an evangelical pastor. A few years later the village received market rights and in 1557 it was renamed Marktbreit. In 1567 the church was enlarged. In 1587 the raised church tower was given a French dome.
In the years 1590 to 1596 the Nikolaikirche was extended one last time. However, with the increase and the enlargement of the nave, the symmetry of the building was abandoned. Outside there were no more innovations. The first church renovation has been handed down for the year 1715. In the 1960s the church was again extensively renovated. The Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation classifies the church as an architectural monument . Underground remains of previous buildings are listed as soil monuments . The church is part of the Altstadt Marktbreit ensemble.
architecture
The church was built as a mighty hall building. It is east-facing and has a polygonal apse . A choir tower with three floors, which can be recognized by cornices on the outside , was installed in the east. A stone tower gallery was erected in 1712, and the octagonal tower house and the hood with the lantern rise above it. The nave is illuminated by four pointed arched windows with late Gothic tracery and has a gable roof .
Furnishing
pulpit
The pulpit is to the right of the choir on the southern part of the choir arch. It goes back to a foundation in the 18th century. In 1737 the old town councilor Johann Christoph Marschall bequeathed the money for the pulpit to the Church of St. Nicolai. It was probably created by Johann Leonhard Gollwitzer from Bamberg , who also created the crucifixion group of the old high altar.
The body and sound cover are presented in the Baroque style. On the parapet are the figures of the four evangelists with their symbols . From left to right you can see John with the eagle, Matthew with the human, Luke with the bull and Mark with a lion. Christ rises on the sound cover as the risen one. He is surrounded by putti with the torture tools . A special feature are the four hourglasses that should limit the duration of the sermon.
Poor Bible
history
A rare, almost unique furnishing element of the Marktbreiter Church is the so-called Poor's Bible with a picture cycle of over sixty parts that extends throughout the nave of the church. Scenes from the Old and New Testament are shown in colorful pictures. Below the pictures there is a short descriptive text with the respective biblical passage. The sentences of two adjacent pictures rhyme.
The Bible for the Poor was created in two major steps. A first part is ascribed to an unknown artist at the end of the 17th century. With picture no. 42, the resurrection of Lazarus, the style changes. From 1777, Johann Georg Bartholomäus Völk the Younger from Ochsenfurt took over the work. He immortalized himself with the inscription "Johann Völck junior pinxit Oxovii MDCCLXXVII" (Johann Völck the Younger painted, Ochsenfurt 1777) on the Mount of Olives scene (no. 56).
Images and verses from the Old Testament
There are a total of 27 images and verses from the Old Testament . They all date from the 17th century and begin with depicting the creation of Eve by God. The last Old Testament scene shows Tobias' prayer.
| number | Texts | presentation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | "God created the whole world out of nothing" | God creates Eve |
| 2 | "Man falls into God's disgrace" | Adam and Eve have to leave paradise |
| 3 | "This is where the misery of sins goes" | |
| 4th | "O Cain What Hastu done?" | Cain kills Abel |
| 5 | "The safe world gets its wages" | |
| 6th | "Loth comes from Sodom's fire from it" | God lets Lot flee from the city of Sodom |
| 7th | "The flood is followed by the rainbow" | The flood ends with the appearance of the divine rainbow |
| 8th | "God is like Abraham" | |
| 9 | "The mocker has only hatred as a reward" | |
| 10 | "Jacob wins the day" | Jacob wins the wrestling match against God's angel |
| 11 | "In water Moses abides life" | Little Moses is abandoned in a wicker basket on the Nile |
| 12 | "Through whom God gave his law" | Moses receives the ten commandments |
| 13 | "Good for those who deal with God often" | |
| 14th | "The hero strengthens the hero Red" | |
| 15th | "The red sea of the Egyptian grave" | The pursuing Egyptians drown in the Red Sea ( Excerpt from Egypt ) |
| 16 | "Heaven = Bread of the Most High" | God gives the Israelites the manna as food in the desert |
| 17th | "Idolatry in Israel" | The Israelites dance around the golden calf |
| 18th | "Das Creutz = picture of Immanuel" | Isaiah prophesies the appearance of Jesus (= Immanuel) |
| 19th | "The sacrifice aims at the Son of God" | |
| 20th | "The heavens = ladder of Jesus' image" | The so-called Jacob's ladder appears to the prophet in his sleep |
| 21st | "God avoids the widows' distress" | |
| 22nd | "Elias goes up to God" | The prophet Elijah is raptured |
| 23 | "The pious Isaac is freed" | |
| 24 | "See Joseph's discipline and purity" | Joseph resists Potiphar's wife |
| 25th | "Job would be stressed in body and soul" | |
| 26th | "No lion hurts Daniel" | Daniel in the lions' den |
| 27 | "Tobias English Prayer" | Tobias is introduced to Sara by Raphael |
Images and verses from the New Testament
The cycle on which the New Testament is based consists of a total of 36 images. The first part of this series comes from the 17th century, from picture no. 46 Völk took over the painting. The beginning here is the representation of the Annunciation, the last picture shows the ascension of Jesus.
| number | Texts | presentation |
|---|---|---|
| 28 | "Maria will be honored" | Maria is the birth of Jesus announced |
| 29 | "The baby Jesus drilled in the stable" | Birth of Jesus in the stable of Bethlehem |
| 30th | "See what the wise love does" | |
| 31 | "O salutary circumcision = blood" | Circumcision of the lord |
| 32 | "The unbelief came silently from the temple" | |
| 33 | "John shows God's = Lamb" | John indicates the coming of the Messiah |
| 34 | "The purification story in the temple" | Jesus cleanses the temple from the traders |
| 35 | "Here children take an example" | |
| 36 | "John baptizes the Lord and God" | John the Baptist baptizes Jesus Christ |
| 37 | "The little ship of Christ suffers hardship" | |
| 38 | "The Lord turns water into wine" | At the wedding in Cana , Jesus turned water into wine |
| 39 | "God's = house must be holy" | |
| 40 | "Nicodemus is taught" | Nicodemus visits Jesus Christ |
| 41 | "The Samaritan Converted" | Jesus converts the Samaritan woman Photina |
| 42 | "Lazarus comes out of the grave" | Jesus gives the Lazarus on |
| 43 | "Your King Zion comes to you" | |
| 44 | "A little bread feeds much mouth" | The feeding of the five thousand |
| 45 | "The captain's son will get well quickly" | Jesus heals the centurion's son |
| 46 | "Samson's birth is promised here" | |
| 47 | "The Jews nonsense reaches for stones" | The sinner Mary Magdalene wants to stone a crowd |
| 48 | "The good shepherd recognizes his own" | |
| 49 | "The sinner repents and believes" | Jesus converts Mary Magdalene |
| 50 | "John comes to his head" | Herodias receives the head of John the Baptist as a reward for a dance |
| 51 | "The dearest Savior is transfigured" | |
| 52 | "The unwilling son converts" | |
| 53 | "Oh woe to the proud rich man" | |
| 54 | "An unequal couple here adores" | Jesus prays with the tax collector |
| 55 | "The Demuth Beyspiel is noticed" | The washing of the feet of the disciples |
| 56 | "The sufferer is strengthened here" | Jesus prays on the Mount of Olives while the disciples sleep |
| 57 | "The Savior stands before Caiypha" | Jesus is handed over to the Roman authorities by the high priest Kajaphas |
| 58 | "Now the Lord's traitor is near" | Judas Iscariot gives Jesus the traitor's kiss |
| 59 | "See what a man - o torment and ridicule" | Pontius Pilate pronounces the death sentence on Jesus |
| 60 | "Through the death of Jesus all need gives way" | Jesus dies on the cross ( crucifixion of Christ ) |
| 61 | "See How to Bury God's Son" | Jesus is buried |
| 62 | "I know that my saviour is alive" | |
| 63 | "Who rises to heaven" | Jesus ascends to heaven ( ascension ) |
Epitaphs
Since the church was the burial place for the Lords of Seinsheim for a long time, some epitaphs have been preserved that are both inside and outside the house of God. The panels inside the church all date from the 16th century. Friedrich von Seinsheim, son of Engelhard, was buried around 1500. He is shown kneeling as a knight in armor. On the chest you can see the swan order , on the shoulder the intercession order is depicted.
Margarete von Seinsheim, née Truchseß von Baldersheim, died in 1514 . Her epitaph shows four ancestral coats of arms, underneath there are puppies. Her son Philipp von Seinsheim died in 1503 and also received an epitaph in the Nicolaikirche. The daughter Margarete is also in the church. A knight in armor on a lion is depicted on Wilhelm von Hohenrechberg's grave slab . A plaque above the sacristy is dedicated to Apollonia Cummer, who died in childbed in 1616.
Outside the church is the tomb of the mayor Wolfgang Eckhardt on the right . He lived from 1500 to 1565 and was responsible for introducing the Reformation to Marktbreit. His wife Barbara, nee Knor (Knorr) and his daughter Dorothea have an epitaph further to the left. The third tomb is that of Claus Groe, who died in 1548, and his wife Barbara. The couple kneel in front of a cross.
Bells
The ringing of the Nicolaikirche consists of five bells. The oldest dates from the 13th century, the youngest were cast in 1498. During the Second World War , no bells had to be handed in to be melted down in Marktbreit. Therefore there is still a complete chime from the late Middle Ages.
| number | Surname | Keynote | Casting year | Caster | Weight in kilograms | Diameter in millimeters | origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 12 o'clock bell | it' | 1498 | Bernhart Lachaman | 1200 | 1288 | |
| 2. | 11 o'clock bell | G' | 1498 | Bernhart Lachaman | 700 | 1066 | |
| 3. | Death bells | c '' | 1385 | 350 | 883 | ||
| 4th | Striker bell | d '' | after 1280 | Hermann Kessler | 300 | 817 | probably from the old Nikolaikapelle |
| 5. | Ave Maria bell | 1416 | 50 | from the chapel on the Kapellenberg |
Further equipment
The sandstone sacrament house in the choir dates from 1400. Veronica's handkerchief is attached to the gable . The baptismal font , also in the choir, was placed in the church in 1569 as a foundation. It is decorated with several civil and manorial coats of arms. The choir windows with the motifs creation, redemption and completion, created by Arno Bromberger from Munich , came into the church in 1965.
The so-called Swedish flag from 1610 is placed in the nave. It is a rider's flag from Wolfgang Groe, who died in his hometown of Marktbreit at the beginning of the 17th century. The crucifixion group was made by Leonhard Gollwitzer in 1763. It was originally part of the baroque high altar. The remains of the gallery show that the people of Seinsheim used to have a patronage box in the church.
The so-called large fresco on the south wall of the nave dates from around 1600 and shows the Last Supper . Johann Georg Brandt was identified as the painter. The organ prospectus from 1708 was provided with a work from Steinmeyer, Oettingen. The side wing of the late Gothic altar above the entrance portal dates from 1529 and shows the Passion of Christ .
literature
- Hans Bauer: The Kitzinger Land. Valuables, monuments, curiosities. Volume II . Volkach 2007.
- Hans Bauer: Blessed Land. Paths through the Evangelical Dean's Office Kitzingen am Main . Kitzingen 2012.
- Evangelical Lutheran Parish Marktbreit: St. Nikolai Church Marktbreit . Marktbreit no year
Web links
- Evangelical Lutheran Church Congregation Marktbreit: Homepage , accessed on September 11, 2015.
Individual evidence
- ^ Bauer, Hans: Gesegnetes Land . P. 102.
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Parish Marktbreit: St. Nikolai Church Marktbreit . P. 4.
- ↑ a b Bauer, Hans: The Kitzinger Land . P. 132.
- ^ Bauer, Hans: The Kitzinger Land . P. 131.
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran parish Marktbreit: St. Nicolai Church Marktbreit . P. 6.
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran parish Marktbreit: St. Nikolai Church Marktbreit . P. 6.
- ^ Bauer, Hans: Gesegnetes Land . P. 106.
Evangelical Church (Albertshofen) | St. Maria Magdalena (Buchbrunn) | Dreieinigkeitskirche (Dettelbach) | St. Laurentius (Fröhstockheim) | Evangelical Church (Hohenfeld) | St. Margarete (Hohenfeld) | Hospital Church of St. John the Baptist (Iphofen) | St. Andreas (Kaltensondheim) | Evangelical town church Kitzingen | Peace Church (Kitzingen) | St. Georg and Maria (Kleinlangheim) | St. Jakobus (Mainstockheim) | St. Nicolai (Marktbreit) | Moritzkapelle (Marktbreit) | St. Stephan (Marktsteft) | St. Michael (Michelfeld) | St. Nicolai (Neuses am Berg) | St. Burkard (Obernbreit) | Kreuzkapelle (Obernbreit) | St. Laurentius (Repperndorf) | Evangelical Bartholomew Church (Rödelsee) | St. Andreas (Schernau) | St. Michael (Schwanberg) | St. Martin (Segnitz) | St. Johannes (Sickershausen)
Coordinates: 49 ° 39 '59.6 " N , 10 ° 8" 37.1 " E