Schernau (Dettelbach)

Schernau City of Dettelbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 49 ′ 25 ″  N , 10 ° 7 ′ 30 ″  E
Height :	239 m
Residents :	340
Incorporation :	January 1, 1976
Postal code :	97337
Area code :	09324
Location of Schernau (bold) in the Dettelbach municipal area

Schernau is a district of the town of Dettelbach in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen .

Geographical location

Schernau is located in the middle of the Dettelbacher municipality. It is surrounded on all sides by other districts of Dettelbach. In the north are the remains of the abandoned Sulzhof, in the east is Brück and in the south the town of Dettelbach. Euerfeld joins it to the west.

Nearby, larger cities are Kitzingen , which is about 10 kilometers away, and Würzburg, which is about 14 kilometers as the crow flies.

In terms of nature, the northern and western districts of Dettelbach are located in the Gäufläche in the northern Maindreieck , which differs from the neighboring natural areas primarily due to its dryness. An extensive bird sanctuary begins north of Schernau , which is intended to preserve the typical Gäu landscape as a refuge for threatened species.

history

Prehistory and early history

To Schernau and its neighboring village your field, several settlements have carried the day from almost every era of Central European pre- and early history preserved. In the north-west of the village there was a settlement that was continuously populated by people from the linear ceramic culture through Bronze Age groups to associations of people from the Iron Age, particularly the Hallstatt and Latène cultures . In 1971, specific archaeological excavations brought some important finds to light.

Due to population displacement during the migration period after the 4th century, the area around Schernau was initially inhabited by Celts , who probably no longer left a permanent settlement here. They were later ousted by the Thuringians. Eventually the Franks reached the area around Dettelbach and established real administrative structures for the first time. This is how two royal courts were created in Prosselsheim and on the Vogelsburg . The area around Schernau initially remained uninhabited.

Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

The present village was not built until the 8th century, when the Franks had already established themselves in this area. The place was first mentioned in a document , however, only 500 years later. In 1205 the name "Schernowe" appeared for the first time in a document. During the High Middle Ages , various noble families ruled the village. The Counts of Castell were replaced by the Vestenberg and the Lords of Seinsheim , as well as the Barons of Thüngen .

In the 16th century, the lords of Stein zu Altenstein held the manor over Schernau. However, they soon pledged their property to the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach and received the place back as a fief . Without the knowledge of the margraves, the Lords of Stein left Schernau to Eberhard von Weitershausen and later Georg von Künßberg . The many pledges and leases led to several processes that dragged on over several centuries.

In 1576 the last pastor who had been appointed by the diocese of Würzburg died . Thereupon the Margraves of Ansbach seized the opportunity and appointed a Lutheran preacher. In 1624 the whole village was Protestant. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Haug Collegiate Monastery and the Johanniterkloster Würzburg, two Catholic institutions, had possessions in the place. The community was judicially assigned to the central courts in Kitzingen and Prosselsheim.

The splitting up of the rulers and the religious division led to further disputes. In 1624 there was a fight between the Schernauers and 400 pilgrims from Eßleben and Mühlhausen on the way to Dettelbach. The village population initially wanted to prevent the migrants from reaching their destination, after which there was great destruction by the pilgrims. The Schernau guard Hans Schöderlein was seriously wounded.

It was only after the Thirty Years War that compromises began to resolve the many conflicts. In 1650 Schernau became a so-called parish of grace and quarrel through the Nuremberg arbitration award . The local church was opened for both denominations ( Simultaneum ) and a complicated system of regulations regulated living together. It was not until 1756 that the dispute over political affiliation was resolved. Schernau was awarded to the Lords of Weitershausen, but their family had since died out.

In 1776, the castle in the village fell to Pierre de Roman through inheritance and marriage. His Huguenot family had to leave France with the Edict of Nantes in 1685. The castle, which is still in the village today, was built as early as 1739 and is now decorated with the coat of arms of the former French family. In 1794 efforts were made to set up an exclusively Lutheran parish church, but this failed. Schernau is still predominantly evangelical-Lutheran today.

Modern times

With the dissolution of the margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach through mediatization and the end of the Würzburg monastery through secularization at the beginning of the 19th century, confessional conflicts lost their importance. Schernau became a rural community in the Kingdom of Bavaria . The focus was now on the nearby urban center of Dettelbach, which should also be promoted to the responsible court seat . Later the community came to the Volkach district office , and in 1872 to the later district of Kitzingen.

At the end of the 19th century, the decline of viticulture began in the place. From then on, the people of Schernau lived exclusively on livestock and agriculture. Cattle breeding in particular received great support around the turn of the century. In 1901 the village joined the breeding association for Yellow Franconian cattle , and in 1910 a pig breeding cooperative was founded. At the same time, land consolidation began to be pushed in 1906 , making it one of the first communities in Lower Franconia.

Many young men from Schernau lost their lives in the two world wars. 17 people died in the First World War and 20 people died in the Second World War . When the Americans marched in, several buildings in the town were damaged. After the war, the population of the village increased rapidly due to bombed out people and refugees. On January 1, 1976, Schernau was incorporated into the town of Dettelbach and lost its centuries-old independence.

coat of arms

	Blazon : "In black under a floating silver oil kettle with three legs, lying silver wool scissors."
	Establishment of the coat of arms: A Schernau village seal had existed since 1574. Here in the cauldron a seated saint was depicted, who was probably the church patron of the time, Veit. The coat of arms only received the attribute, the boiler. The scissors refer to the place name. The tinging is an indication of the relationship between Schernau and the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach.

Attractions

The church in Schernau

In the middle of the village is the church of St. Andrew from 1802. The parish church of the evangelical community is temporarily used as a simultaneous church by both denominations. It was built by the builder Thaddäus Dückelmann in forms of classicism . The high altar is equipped with a crucifix, and a ruling estate was dedicated to the Lords of Roman. The baptismal font from 1708, the rococo organ and the pulpit from 1750 probably come from the previous building.

A small aristocratic palace in the village was the seat of the von Roman family. It was erected in 1739 as a simple rectangular building with corner pilasters and a large coat of arms above the portal.

Personalities

• Adolf Valentin Kilian Pfeuffer (1875–1956), mayor, member of the state parliament and member of the state constitutional assembly in 1946, born in Schernau
• Rudolf von Roman (1893–1970), General of the Artillery, died in Schernau
• Theo Pfeuffer (1909–1987), farmer and president of the Bavarian Farmers' Association, grew up in Schernau and was temporarily mayor of the place

literature

• Hans Bauer: Old and new coats of arms in the Kitzingen district . In: Yearbook of the district of Kitzingen 1980. In the spell of the Schwanberg . Kitzingen 1980. pp. 53-70.
• Hans Bauer: Dettelbach. History of a romantic city on the Main and its districts . Münsterschwarzach 1983.
• Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
• Lothar Voltz: From the history of the Schernau district 1900–1984 . In: City of Dettelbach (Ed.): Dettelbach. 1484-1984. Festschrift and small characteristics of a 500 year old city . Dettelbach 1984. pp. 291-294.

Web links

Commons : Schernau (Dettelbach)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Bauer, Hans: Dettelbach . P. 296.
2. ^ Bauer, Hans: Dettelbach . P. 302.
3. ↑ Voltz, Lothar: From the history of the district of Schernau 1900–1984 . P. 291.
4. ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 36.
5. ^ Bauer, Hans: Old and new coats of arms in the district of Kitzingen . P. 58.