St. Johann (Freiburg im Breisgau)
The Johanneskirche is a Catholic church in Freiburg im Breisgau . It was inaugurated in 1899 and is located in the Wiehre district . Further historicizing representative buildings were erected around the church: the parish rectory on the west side, the trade school next to it and the Lessing school on the north side. Simultaneously with the completion of the Johanneskirche, the Protestant Christians also received a new church with the Christ Church nearby.
history
After the Freiburg district of Wiehre was incorporated in 1825, brisk construction activity began - the population jumped within a few decades. Since the previous church of St. Cyriakus and Perpetua was designed for less than 200 people and thus no longer offered enough space for the newly arrived population, it was decided in 1889 to build a new church. The client was the domain management subordinate to the Ministry of Finance of the Grand Duchy of Baden. The order went to the building director Joseph Durm . The ministry rejected his first draft as too expensive. In order to accommodate the required spaces on a smaller area, the Ministry of Finance is calling for galleries. Durm and the parish initially rejected this as unsuitable for a Catholic church, as the believers on the gallery could not adequately participate in the mass. Emporer churches were only considered suitable for Protestant preaching services. Eventually Durm gave in. The city council also got involved in the design. Durm's next design in the Romanesque-early Gothic style seemed to the city council to compete too much with the cathedral, so a design in the Renaissance style was considered. So Durm changed his design and emphasized the Romanesque styles. He made the towers more massive and later added another storey to them. The building thus served the urban planning principle pursued under Mayor Otto Winterer , to mark the expanding city of Freiburg with towers.
The construction work on a site near the Dreisam , on which the city's first gasworks stood, began in 1894 and ended with the church consecration in 1899. The church was given the best possible use of the existing land for a church building that should have 900 seats a very wide central nave (11 m) and two side aisles (3.5 m each) with galleries. The length of the structure is 74.30 m. The crossing at the intersection of the central nave and transept has a diameter of 16.80 m.
The representative building was executed in red sandstone and bears typical features of the neo-Romanesque style , which incorporated elements of late Romanesque church buildings. In contrast to old churches, the church is not east - the altar is in the west. The facade with an entrance porch in the shape of a half octagon, flanked by two 60 m high towers with a very steep spire, faces east into Talstraße, which forms a long line of sight to the church.
The architect Josef Durm called in a letter to the Finance Office the Bamberg Cathedral as a model for the new church, which is mainly due to the external view of the east with the flanked by two towers input apse relates. On the other hand, both the floor plan and the interior differ significantly from the original. "The architect found his role models in the late Romanticism of the Lower Rhine and Upper Rhine. (...) Durm (...) came to an independent solution, so that a direct derivation from a late Romanesque building does not seem possible."
The stained glass windows of the church were created by the Freiburg artist Fritz Geiges between 1898 and 1901 .
The clockwork was manufactured in 1900 by the Benedikt Schneider Söhne company from Schonach in the Black Forest . It is one of the few tower clocks in Freiburg that are mechanically driven and still run well. Today, the clockwork that controls the hands of a total of four dials on the two church towers is supported by an electronic clock. The changeover from winter to summer time is also carried out electronically. A bell rings every 15 minutes, even at night.
After an interior renovation between 1971 and 1973, the crossing with the altar island and celebration altar was redesigned by Joseph Henger in 1975 . Another renovation outside (especially the roof, but also damage to the masonry, windows, etc.) and inside took place from 2006 to 2008.
Storm damage
Winter storms have repeatedly caused damage to the towers. In January 2018 the storm Burglind moved slabs of slate on the 61 meter high towers, in February 2019 some gray bricks were loosened and in February 2020 hurricane Sabine attacked the slates again. The damage is always repaired with the help of a truck crane .
The former Chapel of the Holy Helpers
In the Johanneskirche there is still an old painting depicting the fourteen helpers in need . Like two baroque figures and a medieval Madonna, it comes from the now lost Holy Helper Chapel. This stood where Basler Strasse runs today, between the intersection with Heinrich-von-Stephan-Strasse and the railway underpass.
present
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The parish of St. Johann and the parish of St. Cyriak and Perpetua, whose church is also called Annakirchle , the Liebfrauengemeinde in Günterstal and the Maria-Hilf parish in Oberwiehre, form the pastoral care unit Freiburg-Süd. The pastoral care unit was looked after by Polish Franciscans from 2005 to 2013 , who lived in the Franciscan monastery on Günterstalstrasse.
organ
The organ on the east gallery of the church was built in 1981 by the organ building company Metzler (Dietikon, Switzerland). The instrument has 50 registers (3536 pipes ) on three manuals and a pedal . In addition to the main console , the instrument also has a continuo console in the lower case of the Rückpositiv with an attached pedal. This console is independent of the main console so that two organists can present literature for two organs at two console tables. The instrument has mechanical playing and stop actions .
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- Coupling : I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Playing aids : three group moves (chorale fore, mixtures, pedal tongues)
Bells
In 1954, St. Johann received eight new Bronze - bells from the bell foundry of Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling of Heidelberg. At that time it was the largest bell in Freiburg and since 1959 it has been the second largest after the cathedral.
| No. | Weight | diameter | Chime |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3665 kg | 1766 mm | b ° -4 |
| 2 | 2107 kg | 1458 mm | des′-2 |
| 3 | 1415 kg | 1287 mm | es′-4 |
| 4th | 1098 kg | 1177 mm | f′-4 |
| 5 | 616 kg | 977 mm | as′-2 |
| 6th | 433 kg | 871 mm | b′-4 |
| 7th | 366 kg | 822 mm | c ″ -4 |
| 8th | 314 kg | 774 mm | des ″ -2 |
The bells are distributed over both towers: Bells 2 and 3 hang in the north tower, the remaining six in the south tower.
literature
- The parish churches of the suburbs. In: Badischer Architects and Engineers Association (Hrsg.): Freiburg im Breisgau. The city and its buildings. HM Poppen & Sohn, Freiburg im Breisgau 1898, pp. 402–404 ( digitized version ).
- Ernst Föhr: Church and parish of St. Johann Baptist in Freiburg i. Br. From the files of the parish archive (published by the Catholic parish office of St. Johann, Freiburg i. Br.). Tuttlingen 1958.
- Ulrike Grammbitter: Josef Durm (1837-1919). An introduction to the architectural work. (Dissertation, University of Heidelberg 1982). tuduv-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Munich 1984, pp. 369–378. 455. ( digitized version ).
- A hundred years on the way. Parish and parish church Sankt Johann in Freiburg-Wiehre. Festschrift. Catholic parish of Sankt Johann, Freiburg 1999.
- Karl Suso Frank : St. Johann Freiburg i. Br. (= Kleine Kunstführer , booklet 1450). Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2003, ISBN 3-7954-5161-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ The parish churches of the suburbs. In: Badischer Architects and Engineers Association (Hrsg.): Freiburg im Breisgau. The city and its buildings. HM Poppen & Sohn, Freiburg im Breisgau 1898, p. 402 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Winterer, the towers that were built were not high enough, cf. Gudrun Matys: "The cathedral tower enjoys the wreath of beautiful churches" - considerations on the Freiburg church buildings of the 19th century in relation to the cathedral . In: Journal of the Breisgau History Association "Schauinsland" 111, 1992, pp. 95–128, here p. 112.
- ^ Letter from Durm, after Ulrike Grammbitter: Josef Durm (1837-1919). An introduction to the architectural work. tuduv, Munich 1984, p. 378, note 641 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Ulrike Grammbitter: Josef Durm (1837-1919). An introduction to the architectural work. tuduv, Munich 1984, p. 378 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Daniel Parello: The stained glass by Fritz Geiges . In: A Hundred Years on the Way. Parish and parish church Sankt Johann in Freiburg-Wiehre. Festschrift , ed. from the Catholic parish of St. Johann. Freiburg 1999, pp. 87-102; Daniel Parello: The stained glass by Fritz Geiges in St. Johann. In: 1000 years of Wiehre. An Almanach 1008-2008 , Promo Verlag, Freiburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-923288-64-9 , p. 152 ff.
- ↑ Simona Eftimova: The clockwork has been in use at St. John's Church for 119 years. Badische Zeitung, February 10, 2019, accessed on February 11, 2019 .
- ^ Church of St. Johann. (No longer available online.) Kath-wiehre-guenterstal.de, archived from the original on July 11, 2016 ; Retrieved July 11, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Simone Höhl: Johanneskirche in Freiburg was closed because of loose bricks. Badische Zeitung, February 18, 2020, accessed on February 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Joachim Scheck: Through the Unterwiehre to the "Galgeneck". The old Freiburg place of execution. In: 1000 years of Wiehre. An almanac 1008-2008. Freiburg im Breisgau 2007, pp. 132-139.
- ↑ More information on the St. Johann organ at www.katholische-kirche-freiburg.de ( Memento from September 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ^ Bell inspection of the Archdiocese of Freiburg - Catholic parish church of St. Johann in Freiburg
Coordinates: 47 ° 59 ′ 20 ″ N , 7 ° 50 ′ 49.1 ″ E