St. Cyriak and Perpetua (Freiburg im Breisgau)

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St. Cyriak and Perpetua from the southeast

St. Cyriak and Perpetua is a Roman Catholic church in the Wiehre district of Freiburg im Breisgau . The small baroque church is located on Annaplatz on Kirchstrasse and is therefore also called Annakirchle . It belongs to the pastoral care unit Freiburg Wiehre-Günterstal.

history

Today's Wiehre emerged around a hundred years before the city of Freiburg was founded from the villages of Wiehre and Adelhausen, which were first mentioned in 1008. They lay south of the city, Adelhausen to the south, reaching north to today's Basler Strasse and Talstrasse, the old Wiehre to the north, along the Dreisam . Both villages came under city jurisdiction early on. During the Thirty Years War they were united in 1643 to form a community, for which the name Wiehre prevailed. In 1826 the Wiehre was incorporated into Freiburg.

The center of the village of Adelhausen was the church, also older than the Freiburg city churches. Originally it was called Sant Embed Kilch , named after the first of the legendary - never canonized - "three holy virgins" Einsteth, Wilbeth and Worbeth . According to legend, they were companions of St. Ursula . Einsteth is said to have died in Strasbourg in 237 and was buried there in the church of Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux . According to tradition of the Dominicans, however, there was already a church consecration in 1263 under the patronage of Saints Cyriak and Perpetua , which is said to have been carried out by Albertus Magnus ; this teacher of the order was then in Freiburg. In 1665 the city of Freiburg took over the building obligation and the right to occupy the pastorate. While the place was now called Wiehre , Adelhausen remained the official name of the parish to which the old village of Wiehre also belonged.

Today's church had three previous buildings. The first, medieval church survived the Thirty Years War despite all the devastation, but was razed to the ground with the entire Wiehre including the monasteries of the Annunciation and St. Catherine when Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban on the orders of Louis XIV. From 1678 to the (French) And needed a clear field of fire.

The second church was built between 1709 and 1711. Since the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697, Freiburg was again part of the Habsburg family . When it had to be defended against the French in the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713 , the fortress commander Ferdinand Amadeus Freiherr von Harrsch ordered, according to his diary on September 21, 1713: “The mills, houses, garden houses and gardens surrounding the city must be torn down; The item is to blow up the hospital and the cure in the Wiehre suburb and set the rest on fire. ”That happened; Freiburg fell anyway.

In the Rastatt Peace of 1714, Freiburg came back to Habsburg. In 1718, when the church was rebuilt for the third time, the fortress commander insisted on a building site further to the west, far away from the fortress, where Kronenstrasse joins Basler Strasse. The time of completion is not known. In 1744 Freiburg was besieged again by the French during the War of the Austrian Succession , the Wiehre buildings were laid down again, the city, especially the cathedral, was badly damaged by cannon fire and finally taken. Immediately after the invasion, the French began to systematically destroy the fortifications they had built themselves in 1677, which they had to conquer twice, in 1713 and now, with great losses. When they finally withdrew in 1745, they left a belt of ruins around the city over 100 m wide.

The Wiehre with St. Cyriak and Perpetua 1820

Half a century of peace followed in the Breisgau. Gardens and vineyards were laid out on the site of the fortifications. St. Cyriak and Perpetua should first be renewed at the site of the third building; the parish with its pastor Johannes Bartholomäus Heinrich (1723–1762) and the Vogt, however, pushed through a new building at the original location on Annaplatz for the additional costs of 200 guilders . The cemetery was located there (until 1813) and the church belongs to the cemetery. The cornerstone was laid on August 27, 1753; the master builder was Johann Baptist Häring (1716–1790), the master builder Joseph Schauberger (1699–1760), both active in Freiburg. The church was consecrated on March 30, 1755. This fourth building has largely been preserved to this day.

In 1755 the parish of Adelhausen counted 350 souls, in 1885 it was 6345. The church only offered space for about 200 churchgoers. From 1895 to 1899, a new large, neo-Romanesque church, St. Johann , was built north of the confluence of Kirchstraße and Basler Straße , and the parish of Adelhausen became the parish of St. Johann in 1899. The old church was orphaned until it was taken over by the Franciscan Fathers in 1918 . In 1922 the monks set up a monastery on the neighboring Günterstalstrasse, which was closed in 2013. In 1941 St. Cyriak and Perpetua became a parish curate and in 1981 it became an independent parish again, today one of the four parishes of the Freiburg Wiehre-Günterstal pastoral care unit.

Buildings and equipment

Outside

St. Cyriak and Perpetua from the northwest

The church is located in the middle of Annaplatz. It is a single-nave hall with three window axes, an axially square tower protruding slightly over the western front of the nave and an easterly indented choir closing with three sides of the octagon. The protruding corners of the tower swing back to the west wall of the ship. The round-arched west portal corresponds to two round-arched statue niches on the right and left, two tower windows that become smaller towards the top and the large sound windows of the bell storey, above which clock faces are attached on all four sides . In the south of the choir is a sacristy , over which the gable roof of the nave is pulled down. The yellow base color with English- red accentuation of the edges corresponds to the original color scheme. The tower originally had an onion dome ; it was replaced by a pyramid helmet in 1791 due to its dilapidation . The statues in the niches on the western front, Cyriak on the left and Perpetua on the right, were made by Franz Xaver Anton Hauser (1712–1772). Cyriak wears a stiff deacon's robe , Perpetua a billowing cloak. A lion crouches next to her instead of her actual attribute , the wild cow.

In the portal passage, the Wiehremer Männle was walled up as a holy water basin , a spoil , probably from the rubble of the previous building. A male - face and arms turned away - cantilevers upwards at an angle on the viewing area, with flowers around it. A sculptor from the Parler family could have created it.

Inside

Inside, the flat ceilings of the nave and choir rest on covings . About she Franz Anton Vogel (1720-1777) from the Wessobrunner school finely engraved rococo ornaments set, delicate gray to yellowish ground. Vogel was the most important plasterer from Breisgau in the 18th century.

The high altar, around 1700, comes from the chapel of the castle on the Schlossberg, which was blown up in 1745 . The side altars, column structures with canopy-decorated niches for statues, were created by the Freiburg carpenter Melchior Rombach († 1768). The statue in the right side altar is Saint Anthony the Great . He sits on a throne in front of a golden halo, the hood pulled over his head, in his left hand his staff with the Antonius cross and little bell, his right hand leaning on a book, to his left is a pig. Franz Xaver Anton Hauser copied the figure in baroque style from the Gothic Antonius the Great, which Hans Wydyz had created around 1505 for the Freiburg Antoniter branch - according to the more recent view for the Freiburg Minster . The statue in the left side altar is a Madonna by the Freiburg sculptor Wilhelm Amann (1884–1961).

  • Holy water font

  • View of the chancel

  • Anthony the Great

Organ and bells

From 1788 an organ from the former pilgrimage chapel on the Lindenberg from 1788 was installed in the church. Today's organ was built in 1992 by the organ building company Thomas Jann ( Laberweinting ). The instrument has 17 registers (928 pipes) on two manuals and a pedal . Game and stop actions are mechanical. The baroque chestnut organ case comes from Portugal (around 1800).

View of the organ
I. Manual C-g 3
1. Praestant 8th'
2. Copula 8th'
3. Octave 4 ′
4th Wooden flute 4 ′
5. Octave 2 ′
6th Mixture II-III 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Cromorne 8th'
II. Manual C-g 3
8th. Reed flute 8th'
9. Pointed flute 4 ′
10. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
11. Duplicate 2 ′
12. Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
13. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
14th Sub bass 16 ′
15th Gemshorn 8th'
16. Choral bass 4 ′
17th Trumpet 8th'

In the tower hangs a three-part bronze bell in a wooden bell cage from the 18th century . The older bell was cast in 1965 by Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling , Heidelberg, the other two were cast by the Heidelberg bell foundry in 1979. The melody line is a rather rare major six chord. Bell 1 is used to strike the quarter-hour and hour.

Sebastian's fountain
No. Casting year Ø (mm) Weight kg Chime
1 1979 932 462 g sharp '+ 2
2 1965 780 300 h '+ 4
3 1979 607 138 e '' + 5

Surroundings

In their place, with the Sebastian fountain, with some grave slabs from the abandoned cemetery and the cemetery cross, St. Cyriak and Perpetua has become a "lovable old Freiburg monument". The fountain from 1731, originally in the Freiburg Salt Road, is the work of Franz Hamm; it was moved to the Wiehre in 1831 and set up on Annaplatz in 1878; the fountain bowl was redesigned in 1909 in the neo-baroque style. The figure of Sebastian is a work by Andreas Hochsing (1704–1736 in Freiburg).

Monasteries in the Wiehre

In the Middle Ages there were two Dominican convents in the area of ​​today's Wiehre , the Annunciation in Adelhausen between Basler Strasse and Konradstrasse, roughly on the line of Goethestrasse, founded in 1234, and St. Kathari (Katharina) in the old Wiehre, north of Basler Strasse between Kirchstrasse and Goethestrasse, founded in 1297. Both had to give way to the fortress building from 1678 onwards. The nuns found accommodation in private houses and built new monasteries in the city. But they were told that there could only be a new building: "... but if you know that apart from the city otherwise, you have declined by half, and with so few remaining houses and strong guarnisons, you will not allow yourself to do more than one monastery to enjoy. ”The new monastery with a new church was built within the fortification ring in the Schneckenvorstadt, in what is now the old town district. In 1697 the Dominicans were able to move in; Her church was consecrated in 1699. They formed the now so-called Convent Adelhausen for the Annunciation of Mary the Virgin and Mother of God and St. Catharinae . The convent was dissolved in 1867. The name of the old village lives on elsewhere in the Adelhauser church .

literature

  • Joseph Ludolf Wohleb : The old parish church of Wiehre-Adelhausen, today's Franciscan church on Annaplatz in Freiburg . In: Schau-ins-Land 61, 1934, pp. 30–48 ( digitized version ).
  • Ernst Föhr: Church and parish of St. Johann Baptist in Freiburg i. Br. Erbolzheim, Libertas Verlag, Erbolzheim 1958.
  • Hermann Brommer : Freiburg i. Br. - Catholic parish church of St. Cyriak and Perpetua. Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1980.

Web links

Commons : St. Cyriak and Perpetua  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Emil Notheisen: The suburbs. In: Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg (ed.): Freiburg im Breisgau, official district description. Volume I, Second Half Volume, 1965, pp. 1034-1085.
  2. ↑ Fr. von der Wengen (Ed.): The siege of Freiburg im Breisgau 1713, diary of the Austrian commandant Field Marshal-Lieutenants Freiherr von Harrsch. Eugen Stoll, Freiburg 1898, p. 29.
  3. ↑ Peter Kalchthaler: The wars of the 16th and 17th centuries and their consequences for the Freiburg monasteries. In: Barbara Henze (ed.): A city needs monasteries. Freiburg i. Br. Needs monasteries . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2006, ISBN 3-89870-275-8 , pp. 30–39.
  4. ↑ Peter Kalchthaler : Annakirchle: Three times destroyed, three times built up in: Badische Zeitung of February 11, 2008, accessed on May 30, 2010.
  5. ^ The parish churches of the suburbs in Freiburg im Breisgau. The city and its buildings , HM Poppen & Sohn, Freiburg im Breisgau 1898, p. 402 .
  6. ↑ Perpetua in Heiligenlexikon.de .
  7. ↑ Das Wiehremer Männle ( Memento from July 11, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) , accessed on December 4, 2016.
  8. ^ Hermann Brommer: Freiburg i. Br. - Catholic parish church of St. Cyriak and Perpetua. Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1980, pp. 16-17.
  9. ↑ Peter Kalchthaler: All that remained was the high altar . In: Badische Zeitung of July 16, 2012, p. 27.
  10. ^ Iso Himmelsbach: The Antonites in Breisgau. New findings on the origin of the Antonius Altar in St. Joseph in Obersimonswald and on the building history of the Nimburg mountain church. In: Journal of the Breisgau history association Schau-ins-Land 127, 2008 pp. 9–30.
  11. ↑ Information on the organ of St. Cyriak and Perpetua ( Memento from August 3, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  12. ^ Hermann Brommer: Freiburg i. Br. - Catholic parish church of St. Cyriak and Perpetua. Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1980, p. Xx.
  13. ^ Fritz Geiges: Over half a millennium of history of a Freiburg town hall. A critical study . In: Schau-ins-Land 51, 1926, p. 81; Rosemarie Beck: Fountain in Freiburg. Rombach-Verlag, Freiburg 1991, ISBN 3-7930-0550-X , p. 75.
  14. ^ Stadtarchiv Freiburg C 1 Militaria 72 No. 59; quoted from Peter Kalchthaler: The wars of the 16th and 17th centuries and their consequences for the Freiburg monasteries. In: Barbara Henze (ed.): A city needs monasteries. Freiburg i. Br. Needs monasteries . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2006, ISBN 3-89870-275-8 , p. 35.
  15. ^ Hermann Brommer: Freiburg - Adelhauser monastery church. Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1976.

Coordinates: 47 ° 59 ′ 6.8 ″  N , 7 ° 50 ′ 45.9 ″  E