St. Johann Baptist (Niederaussem)
St. Johann Baptist is the Catholic parish church in Niederaussem , a district of Bergheim ( North Rhine-Westphalia ). The branch church St. Paulus (Niederaußem) is subordinate to it .
history
Previous buildings
Niederaussem has been permanently settled since Roman times. During the time of the Frankish Empire , the place was Christianized in the 8th century. The patronage “St. Johannes Baptist ”also suggests a Franconian chapel on the site of today's church. This chapel was in all likelihood a wooden chapel (around 1028) of which there are no remains.
Church history
The oldest part of the church that is still preserved today dates from around 1300 AD, and it was a single-nave Staufer church. A church building in Niederaussem was first mentioned in the Liber valoris around 1300 as "ausheim capella". Kornelimünster Abbey had the right of patronage from 1257 until secularization in 1802. On April 22nd, 1304 the chapel of Dompropst (later Archbishop of Cologne) Heinrich II. Von Virneburg was raised to the rank of parish church.
In the 16th century the church building was extended to a three-aisled late Gothic church with a western tower in front of it using older components - as it still exists in its basic structure today. The year of casting of the oldest bell (1527) could give an indication of a more precise dating of the extension. Parts of the roof structure still represent the late Gothic original.
In the 19th century, the late Gothic church was restored under the direction of the church builder Julius Busch in the years 1887 and 1893–94, and the interior was designed in the neo-Gothic style with altars, pulpit, baptismal font and figures. Furthermore, in 1887 the central nave, which until then had been covered flat, was vaulted, the old wooden vaults in the south aisle were replaced by brick vaults, and the north aisle received a choir with a 3/8 end. The vault ribs arise from simple polygonal consoles, only a small part of which are original.
In 1908 the main nave was extended by a new choir room with a three-sided closure by a yoke to the east. The cornices on the third pair of Romanesque pillars indicate that the triumphal arch was located here before 1908 , which separated the choir area from the nave. The keystone in the vault, which is reinserted in the choir and shows the Evangelist John, is Gothic. The flower-shaped consoles - also Romanesque - were also re-installed in the new choir. Another church renovation took place in 1941. The Second World War left only minor damage to the church. The windows were damaged and there were also some hits in the church tower and in the masonry. The bells, which were removed from the tower in 1942, survived the war unscathed and could be re-installed in the tower at Christmas 1945. Further renovations followed, including a. 1958–61 at the time of Pastor Wilhelm Schallenberg, when the neo-Gothic wall decorations were painted over with a white lime coating. Gradually, the neo-Gothic high altar, the pulpit, some of the figures and other pieces of equipment were removed from the church. However, some of the removed furnishings were later returned to the church. From February 1991 to August 1994 the last extensive total renovation and repairs to the tower and church took place. The city of Bergheim (as the owner of the area surrounding the church) also completely rebuilt the wall surrounding the churchyard facing the Alte Landstrasse and Von-Galen-Weg. The wall was seriously damaged. At the suggestion of the state curator, part of the wall between the municipal building yard and the staircase on Von-Galen-Weg was retained in its original structure.
Pastor in Niederaussem
- around 1304 Theodoric
- around 1376 Richolf
- around 1470 John I.
- around 1485 Tylman N.
- around 1530 Heinrich I.
- around 1540 Martin
- around 1582 Heinrich II.
- around 1622 Reiner
- 1634–1686 John II.
- 1686–1692 Peter Thielen
- 1692–1698 Bernard Aretz
- 1698–1733 John III.
- 1733–1782 Christian Dossart
- 1782–1816 John IV.
- 1816–1821 Josef Millot
- 1821–1829 Anton Hoffnann
- 1829–1831 Jakob Panzer
- 1831–1874 Karl Borromäus Fischenisch
- 1889–1901 Viktor Mülstrroh
- 1901–1914 Friderich Leidgens
- 1915–1921 Josef Trockel ( Dean )
- 1921–1933 Michael Giersberg
- 1933–1938 Peter Grimmendahl
- 1938–1958 Carl August Kreidt
- 1958–1987 Wilhelm Schallenberg (Dean)
- 1987–1998 Reinhard Pohlig (Dean)
- 2002–2013 Johannes Koch
architecture
Church exterior
The church has essentially the basic structure, a three-nave, late Gothic staggered church with western tower by an octagonal spire is completed. The masonry consists of bricks with tuff bands.
The parish church surrounds the already mentioned church wall made of field fire bricks, it includes the historical churchyard of the parish church located higher up. The church wall is of great importance for the image of Niederaussem. Grave crosses from 1613, 1671 and 1595 have been preserved on the wall.
A sacristy building is attached to the south-east side of the church . On the west tower there is a wooden mission cross from 1820.
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inner space
From the neo-Gothic furnishings that Julius Busch brought to the church at the end of the 19th century , the two neo-Gothic side altars in the church have been preserved, along with other pieces of equipment. Together with the neo-Gothic high altar , of which only the Nazarene-style paintings of the four great Old Testament prophets from the antependium and the figures of the four evangelists from the reredos have survived, the side altars and the choir, which was added in 1908, were opened on 28. Consecrated July 1910 by the Cologne auxiliary bishop Joseph Müller . The side altar in the left aisle goes back to a foundation by Wilhelm and Barbara Außenem (née Wahlers). The main picture of this rosary altar depicts the veneration of the Mother of God Mary . The left (north) aisle is also called the women's side, since in earlier times women usually sat on the left and the men on the right in the church. In the side niches the figures of St. Wilhelm and St. Barbara can be seen - the namesake of the altar donors. On the right (southern) side of the man there is the Catherine Altar, which bears this name because in 1936 the then pastor Peter Grimmendahl added a wood carving of St. Catherine of Alexandria in the middle of the reredos among scholars and philosophers (inscription in the lower edge of the carving). Before that, the main picture of the altar showed a wood carving of the Holy Family , which has now found its place on the wall near the right side altar. The figures of Mary's parents - St. Anna and St. Joachim - are placed in the side niches of the retable . Furthermore, the date of the parish giving and the founding date of the Niederaussemer St. Katharina Schützenbruderschaft (1444) are incorporated into the inscription of the current wood carving. Today's main altar made of black marble (donated by the Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG) with tabernacle (1962) stood from 1961 to 1998 as a new high altar in the chancel due to the neo-Gothic high altar. As such, he was consecrated on January 29, 1966 by Auxiliary Bishop Augustinus Frotz . Only later, in the course of the reforms in the liturgy derived from the documents of the Second Vatican Council , was a popular altar erected in front of the high altar, which was composed of the bronze pillars of the former choir screens . In the 1990s, this altar was removed from the church and instead the modern high altar was reduced in size on February 24, 1997 and moved to the center of the choir as a new main altar. This could be consecrated again on July 3, 1998. A stele for the tabernacle, which is still in the end of the choir, was made from the remains of the reduction. The Nazarene paintings of the former neo-Gothic high altar were drawn on wooden panels in June 2000 and hung next to the tabernacle, so that a familiar bond between the neo-Gothic high altar and the current liturgical design of the choir can be seen. On the occasion of the 70th birthday of the then pastor Wilhelm Schallenberg, the parish church received a bronze ambo by the artist Egino Weinert in 1981 .
The body of the chancel arch positioned above the altar crucifix is from the first half of the 15th century. The figures on the pillars of the choir show St. John the Baptist on the left and St. Catherine on the right. Both figures belong to the neo-Gothic interior and have been preserved. The figures of St. Mary and St. John (apostles) were removed from the church at the end of the 1950s, as was the previous crucifix and body (mid-16th century). These figures and the corpus are now hanging as a group in the side chapel of the side church of St. Paul. The body was attached to the restored cross beam from 1904.
Furthermore, St. Johannes Baptist houses a baptismal font made of black marble , which also dates from the 19th century.
In a niche next to the left side altar there is a figure of St. Anna Selbdritt , which dates from the early 16th century.
In October 1958 the new windows were installed in the choir room. These are made by the artist Hermann Gottfried , who also designed the modern Stations of the Cross in the side aisles. The choir windows show St. Barbara (window on the left choir niche), St. John the Baptist and the Evangelist Johannes (end of the choir on the left), the coronation of the Mother of God Mary and Christ the King (end of the choir in the middle), the princes of the apostles Peter and Paul (end of the choir on the right) as well St. Anthony of Padua (niche on the right).
organ
The organ of the church is located on a gallery on the west side of the nave below the tower. It was built in 1913 by the organ building company Johannes Klais (Bonn). The instrument has 11 registers and a transmission on 2 manuals and pedal. In 1998 the front organ was pulled in front of the arch of the tower so that the sound in the church interior can be better contained. On the gallery parapet are the monochrome evangelist figures, which were previously attached to the (no longer preserved) pulpit.
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- Coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P; II / I as sub and super octave couplings
- Playing aids: Piano, Forte, Tutti6
Bells
- The largest bell dates from 1962 (tone e).
- The second largest bell, from 1662, has a diameter of 107 cm and weighs 800 kg (tone g).
- The oldest bell, from 1527, has a diameter of 92 cm and weighs 450 kg (tone a).
- The smallest bell, from 1699, has a diameter of 82 cm and weighs 330 kg (tone h).
literature
- Christoph Schmitz (2006): The Catholic parish church of St. Johannes Baptist Niederaußem (publication by Heimatfreunde Niederaußem / Auenheim eV).
- Association of Heimatfreunde von Niederaussem and Auenheim eV (2001): The parish church of St. Johann Baptist Niederaußem, in: Heimatblätter 4 (May 2001/2).
- Kurt Schmitz (1974): Niederaussem. Chronicle of a community.
Web links
- Catholic parish Sankt Johann Baptist
- http://gemeinden.erzbistum-koeln.de/pfarreisengemeinschaft-bergheim-ost/unsere_Kirchen/st._johannes_baptist/
Individual evidence
- ↑ St. John Baptist. In: gemeinden.erzbistum-koeln.de. Retrieved May 2, 2016 .
- ^ Paul Clemen : The art monuments of the Rhine province . tape 4 : The art monuments of the Bergheim district. Düsseldorf 1899, p. 509-512 .
- ↑ Heinz Andermahr / Helmut Schrön / Heinz Braschoß / Ralph Jansen / Cornelia Breuer / Gerda Korth: Bergheim City Guide. Volume 3: Monuments and works of art in Auenheim, Büsdorf, Fliesteden, Glessen, Niederaussem, Oberaussem and Rheidt-Hüchelhoven . Ed .: District town Bergheim. Bergheim 2014.
- ^ Christoph Schmitz: The Catholic parish church St. Johannes Baptist Niederaußem . Ed .: Association of Heimatfreunde von Niederaußem and Auenheim eV 2006.
- ↑ Karl-Heinz Schippers: St. Paulus Bergheim-Niederaußem . Ed .: Catholic parish of St. Johannes Baptist Bergheim-Niederaußem.
- ↑ Information about the organ on the municipality's website
Coordinates: 50 ° 59 ′ 5.5 ″ N , 6 ° 40 ′ 6.9 ″ E