St. Johannis (Hamburg-Eppendorf)
The St. Johannis Church is an Evangelical Lutheran parish church in the Hamburg district of Eppendorf . It is one of the oldest foundations in the North Elbe area, was the center of a large parish for a very long time and is the mother church of many other churches in the north of Hamburg. The building named after John the Baptist is considered the most famous “wedding church” in Hamburg.
history
The church was first mentioned in a document in 1267. The frequently expressed assumption that it was founded on an Ebo missionary trip from Reims in 823 to the area north of the Frankish Empire cannot be substantiated. 1400, the church was Zisterzienserinnenkloster Harvestehude incorporated , whose cartridges the parish was administered to the 1832nd The parish comprised the entire area between the Hamburg city limits at Dammtor in the south and Ochsenzoll in the north until the Gottorper settlement in 1768 and the resulting cession of the district of the Niendorfer Marktkirche . Especially during the growth phase of Hamburg at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, many new parishes emerged in the area of the former parish of St. Johannis. Some of these immediate daughter churches are St. Lukas in Fuhlsbüttel , St. Johannis in Harvestehude and St. Markus in Hoheluft .
During the wars in the 17th and 18th centuries, the church had to survive several looting and use as a military camp and most recently as a hospital during the French period in Hamburg .
Building history and architecture
The oldest part of the church is the Romanesque round tower , which was encased in a rectangular shape with bricks in 1751 and provided with a baroque spire that is now covered with sheet copper and is 36 m high . The stone wall of the old tower can only be seen on the back wall of the gallery. The tower was possibly built as a watchtower on what was then the Alsterfurt in Carolingian times .
Today's church is at least the third church on this site. In 1314 the first church fell victim to a ribbon. The building from the 14th century was replaced by the current building in 1622. The nave is a rectangular, 33 m long and 12 m wide half-timbered hall with a flat end of the choir . The church originally had a flat plank roof.
The church was renovated from 1902 to 1903 and Julius Faulwasser added a tower entrance and wooden barrel vault in the interior. Another renovation was carried out from 1957 to 1963 under the direction of Gerhard Langmaack , who had primarily neo-Gothic elements removed and also determined the current arrangement of the windows in the choir wall. The last renovation of the nave took place from 1981 to 1984 by the architects Bunsmann , Scharf and Lockner and also included a redesign of the chancel. The tower was extensively restored between 1999 and 2001.
Furnishing
The church hall is very bright due to the large windows with their colorless glass and its walls kept in white. The 9 m high wooden barrel ceiling is supported by a few narrow wooden pillars, galleries are added to the north and west walls.
The crucifix on the back wall of the altar did not enter the church until the 1960s, but the figure of Christ used is much older and is estimated to date from the early 16th century. It was probably made in the Nuremberg area .
On the choir wall and on the side walls there are several pictures that were donated to the church for the new building in 1622, including pictures of the evangelists Matthew and Mark and of the reformers Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon . The pictures in the galleries date from 1669. On the choir gallery they represent the parable of the clever and foolish virgins ; the side gallery shows scenes from the life of Jesus; Pictures were attached to the organ gallery that were previously on the side gallery, but were removed for various reasons.
The pulpit and stalls were made in the classical style by the local carpenter Ulrich Reese in 1781 . Only a few cheeks in the front area have survived to this day. The motif that dominates the pulpit are the 10 commandments and their proclamation by Moses . Today's altar is a design by Paul-Gerhard Scharf from 1989 with an addition by Siegfried Assmann from 1991. Assmann's addition, a gold-plated bronze medallion integrated into the altar table, shows the encounter between Jesus and his disciples in Emmaus, framed by other smaller ones biblical scenes.
Bells
For St. Johannis, the Otto bell foundry from Hemelingen / Bremen cast three bronze bells with the strike tone series es - g - b in 1893. The two larger bells fell victim to the bell annihilations of the two world wars. Today only Ott's small b-bell hangs in the tower. Today's bell has been three-part again since 1954 and has been hanging in a wooden belfry again since 2009. The smallest bell has been hanging in the church since the end of the 19th century. The oldest is a find from the Hamburg bell cemetery , for which the previous owner could not be determined; she is originally from Gdansk. The newest bell is a new casting from 1954.
| No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Mass (kg) |
Chime |
Bell caster |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1954 | 820 | Fa. Rincker , Hesse | ||
| 2 | 1732 | 490 | Michael Wittwerk , Danzig | ||
| 3 | 1893 | 394 | b ' | Fa. Otto , Bremen |
organ
The church has a Steinmeyer organ from 1972. Since its construction, the organ has had an unusual block in the main structure as a special feature . In 1996 the manufacturer carried out an overhaul with changes in the disposition , which today is as follows:
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- Pair:: I / II, I / III, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Playing aids : 4 free combinations, pleno, trigger, hand register off.
graveyards
Until 1837, the first churchyard, which directly enclosed the sacred building, served as a burial place. The grave sites were all dismantled in the years that followed and the site was partly built over.
Another cemetery, set up not far for lack of space, was located in Eppendorf at the crossroads of Eppendorfer Landstrasse and Kümmellstrasse . After the opening of the Ohlsdorf cemetery , there were fewer and fewer members of the community to be buried, most recently around 1900. The site of this second community cemetery was sold and the parking lot of a department store was built over in the 1950s (today Marie-Jonas-Platz). After the exhumation, the bones were transferred to the main cemetery in Ohlsdorf. Here was u. a. also the grave of the prominent innkeeper Marianne Ruaux (1802–1882), called "The beautiful Marianne".
local community
Great personalities
Samuel Heinicke , one of the pioneers in the German deaf school system , was cantor of the community from 1768 to 1778 and also taught several deaf students. A portrait of him hangs on the inside wall of the nave on the left. It was made in 1890 by the deaf artist Anton Kaulbach .
In the 20th century, Pastor Ludwig Heitmann in particular shaped the community. During his unusually long term of office from 1909 to 1951, he initiated a flourishing youth work with a strong alliance and introduced a number of new forms of worship, including the celebration of Easter vigil as early as 1930 .
Ulrich Rüß was a pastor from 1982 to 2009.
use
The services on Sunday morning and Wednesday evening are celebrated as Lutheran mass .
The church building is one of the most popular sacred places for weddings in Hamburg due to its preserved character as a village-like church, which is experienced today as a strong contrast to the urban environment . The St. John's Concerts take place in the church every Saturday.
Photographs and map
Coordinates: 53 ° 35 ′ 33 ″ N , 9 ° 59 ′ 36 ″ E
Choir closure
View over the Alster to the church (2006)
View over the Alster to the church (1845)
Remains of the classicist stalls
literature
- Ralf Lange: Architecture in Hamburg . Junius Verlag, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-88506-586-9 , p. 130 .
- Matthias Gretzschel : Churches in Hamburg: history, architecture, offers . Axel Springer Verlag, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-921305-92-6 , pp. 72 f .
- Friedhelm Grundmann , Thomas Helms: When stones preach . Medien Verlag Schubert, Hamburg 1993, ISBN 3-929229-14-5 , p. 55, 64-66 .
- Karin Schöpflin: Guide through the Church of St.Johannis-Eppendorf . Ed .: Church council St. Johannis Eppendorf. Self-published by the parish , Hamburg ( st.johannis-eppendorf.de [PDF; accessed on January 28, 2013] after 1990).
- Barbara Leisner, Norbert Fischer : The cemetery guide . Christians Verlag, Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-7672-1215-3 , p. 103 .
- Veronika Janssen: 750 years of St. Johannis Eppendorf . Hamburg 2018 (available from the parish).
- Veronika Janssen: St.Johannis zu Eppendorf. A Hamburg village church from the Middle Ages until today . Solivagus-Verlag, Kiel 2018, ISBN 978-3-943025-53-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Veronika Janssen: St.Johannis zu Eppendorf. A Hamburg village church from the Middle Ages until today . Kiel 2018, p. 17
- ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, in particular pages 74, 398, 506 .
- ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, especially pp. 91, 368, 473 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).
- ↑ Information about the bells on the NDR homepage . Retrieved February 14, 2013.
- ↑ Veronika Janssen: St.Johannis zu Eppendorf. A Hamburg village church from the Middle Ages until today . Kiel 2018, p. 268
- ↑ Entry in the organ database orgbase.nl . Retrieved October 30, 2015.
Web links
- Community website
- Description on the homepage of the city of Hamburg