St. Michael (Binswangen)
The parish church of St. Michael in Binswangen, a district of Erlenbach in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg , is a Catholic church built in 1788 . The baroque building was extensively renovated from 1978 to 1986.
history
Predecessor structure
Where today St. Michael stands on a terrace on the northern edge of the village of Binswangen, there has been a church since the Middle Ages, mentioned in 1312 and shown on a Binswangen townscape from 1578. On some plans for today's church, the dimensions of the previous building are drawn in, so that its design is precisely known. It was a gothic longitudinal building with a tower facing east and a total of 21.60 meters long and 6.75 meters wide.
The new construction of the Michaelskirche goes back to the Teutonic Order , whose area included Binswangen and which developed a lively construction activity in the 18th century, during which numerous churches in the Heilbronn area were renewed. a. in Neckarsulm , Kochertürn , Duttenberg and Dahenfeld . Martinskirche in neighboring Erlenbach was renovated in 1755 by the Neckarsulm builder Georg Philipp Wenger . The rectory in Binswang was built in 1763.
Wenger then built the St. Wolfgang Chapel in Binswangen on the southern border of the municipality in 1768. It is not known why in Binswangen, which had 80 citizens at the time, another church building, the Wolfgang Chapel, was built. Possibly it should serve as an alternative worship room during a foreseeable long new building of the Michaelskirche.
The Hoch- und Deutschmeisterliche Hofkammer (Hoch- und Deutschmeisterliche Hofkammer) in Mergentheim obtained three drafts for the new construction of the Michaelskirche ; these were made by the Ödheim master builder Johann Hornstein , the Mergentheim master builder Jakob Hallischek and the Neckarsulm master builder Johann Michael Keller the Younger . In the end, Keller, the son of the builder Johann Michael Keller the Elder and son-in-law of the builder Wenger, came into play.
Church building from 1788
The original plans from 1776 provided for the new church and the old building to be oriented towards the east. Presumably because of the topographical conditions, the plans were then changed and the church was built in a north-south direction, whereby a harmoniously proportioned structure could be realized on the existing building site. In the construction work cellar in the then prevailing style of the already classical influenced Baroque and details of the competition designs have been incorporated, such as ceiling panels, cassettes, stucco and other designs from the Halli-shek.
Michaelskirche is dated on the portal to 1788, but it was only consecrated on September 10, 1818. The reasons for the long 30 years between construction and consecration are largely unknown. Investigations have brought to light a total of eight different historical color versions of the walls, at the time of the consecration in 1818 the third version had probably already been applied.
Michaelskirche is a single-nave church building with a round apse in the north. The width of the nave is 13.60 meters, the total length 29.20 meters. In the southeast, next to the apse, is the bell tower. Above the south main portal of the church, dated 1788, is a Teutonic Cross, above it in a niche a figure of Saint Michael. On the southern gable wall there were once two historical tombstones of local pastors, but one of them was moved to the cemetery wall a long time ago. In the corners and between the arched windows, Doric pilasters structure the outer facade of the church. The three-storey tower has Doric, Ionic and Corinthian pilasters, as well as strong cornices. Two old bells from the previous building originally hung in the tower (the larger one was renewed in 1698, the smaller one from 1667), and a small new one was added in 1826. The sacristy was located in the base of the tower .
Inside the church, the choir , which has been raised by three steps, is separated from the nave by a round arch. The high altar is in the choir, and there are two side altars on the side walls of the round arch to the choir. An enthroned Madonna and Pietà from the 16th century as well as a Gothic font were taken from the previous building.
The baroque high altar was built in after the choir was completed, but it was probably too high at first. Corrections were necessary to the upper part of the superstructure so that it did not appear squeezed into the choir. The original side altars of the church were also made in Baroque style, but were replaced by neo-Gothic in 1874. The old altars were kept in the Wolfgang Chapel until 1885, after which they were burned. In 1939, the neo-Gothic altars were removed in favor of old Baroque altars that were still to be procured, so that only simple altar substructures were visible for the time being. After the Second World War, however, no old altars of the desired type could be found, so that in 1948 side altars in the Baroque style were built on the old substructures.
Left side altar
High altar
Right side altar
Opposite the choir, on the south wall, there is a two-story wooden gallery with the organ on the second floor . The gallery and organ were mentioned as early as 1858. In 1899 a new organ was procured, which was placed in the middle of the second gallery. The tight installation of the organ just below the ceiling of the nave was criticized many times, but its "highly romantic disposition" was also praised.
The bells of the church were renewed several times, for example because in the First and Second World War all but one of the bells had to be delivered to be melted down. Today there are three bells hanging in the church tower: the largest bell with the tuning f sharp 'and the second largest bell with the tuning g sharp' were cast by the Bachert bell foundry in Heilbronn in 1949 . The smallest bell with the tuning h 'was cast in 1936 by the Wolfarth company in Lauingen.
Renovation from 1978 to 1986
A major renovation of the church was necessary in the late 1970s, which lasted from 1978 to 1986. Numerous cracks had previously formed in the masonry and parts had broken off. Weather and other environmental influences had damaged the sandstone sections on the outer facade. The balustrade below the sound shutters on the tower was badly damaged. Wooden beams in the roof structure were rotten and infested with pests. The pews were brittle, worn, and worm-eaten.
The gallery had considerable structural defects, missing foundations had to be added under the gallery supports, the load transfer on the wooden structure had to be improved and damaged parts replaced. When working on the gallery, the organ situation was also changed. The organ works of a new organ, built at Plum in Marbach am Neckar using components from the old instrument, were divided between the sides of the gallery.
The choir was also redesigned, with a stone celebration altar facing the believers and an ambo, also made of stone , to meet the requirements of the liturgical reform. The sculptural work was carried out by Alfred Appenzeller from Horb-Altheim.
The entrances were renewed in their previous form and provided with vestibules, the confessional was renewed and relocated in a modified form.
The entire church was repainted in the 1818 paint scheme. A ceiling painting that was added later was removed and the original design of the ceiling with ceiling mirrors was used. The altars and the baroque pulpit were largely left in place, only the upper part of the high altar was slightly modified with regard to the ceiling restoration.
In the course of the renovation, the sacristy at the base of the tower with its 12 m 2 , which was perceived as too cramped, was given an extension; the staircase leading to the south portal and the outdoor facilities with war memorials and a grotto for the veneration of the Blessed Virgin of Banneux were redesigned, and the adjacent former parish barn was built in the 1978/79 to the Johannes-Bosco-Heim , an event building.
With the upstream walls and stairs, the neighboring rectory on the right and the historic wine press on the left, to which a staircase leads past tightly built butten stalls, the Michael's Church today forms a historical ensemble.
literature
- St. Michael Binswangen complete renovation 1978–1986 . Parish Council St. Michael Binswangen, Erlenbach-Binswangen 1986
Web links
- St. Michael at the pastoral care unit Erlenbach-Binswangen
Coordinates: 49 ° 10 ′ 27.1 ″ N , 9 ° 15 ′ 37.5 ″ E