St. Nikolai (Altenstadt)

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St. Nikolai Church from the southeast
View from the west

The Protestant parish church St. Nikolai is in Altenstadt in the Wetterau district in Hesse . The baroque hall church with the late Gothic fortified west tower is a Hessian cultural monument for historical and artistic reasons . The Evangelical Lutheran parish is part of the Büdinger Land deanery in the Upper Hesse provost of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau .

history

In the late Middle Ages, Altenstadt belonged to the parish of Rodenbach in the Deanery Roßdorf in the archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in Mainz . The Sendgericht was moved to Altenstadt at the beginning of the 16th century.

With the introduction of the Reformation , the parish changed to the Protestant creed. The first Protestant pastor was Eberhard Hoen (Gallus), who was pastor in Rodenbach from 1549–1565.

In the years 1718–1720 the medieval nave was replaced by a baroque one. The inauguration took place on October 16, 1720. The west tower was preserved. Renovations followed in 1773 and 1857. During the renovation in 1857, all wooden furnishings were painted and the paintings on the gallery parapets were painted over. Only the large picture of the Last Supper remained visible, which was flanked by the pictures of the reformers Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon , which Pastor Franz Hoffmann had donated in 1884.

An extensive renovation of the interior was carried out in 1910. During this time the services took place in an inn. The overpainted gallery pictures were exposed and freshened up again by the church painter Walter Weis. During the Second World War, the church was hit by shrapnel, which damaged the roof, windows and parts of the inventory. An interior renovation in 1949 removed the war damage. Another interior renovation took place in 1978/1979.

architecture

Loophole in the west tower
Baroque south portal

The white plastered church is not exactly easted , but oriented somewhat to the east-northeast, and stands in a representative location in the center of the village. It is surrounded by a formerly fenced cemetery.

The simple baroque hall building with a three-sided choir was built between 1718 and 1720. The verschieferten gabled roof are small dormers aufgesetzt- above the south portal of red sandstone, which is designated with the year 1718, in the blown-up triangular pediment the emblem of the imperial castle Friedberg with the double-headed eagle between rocailles to see. The double-leaf cassette door comes from the construction time. The nave is illuminated through high arched windows.

The undivided west tower from the end of the 15th century is equipped with loopholes and narrow windows. The tower hall is accessed through two ogival portals, the old fittings of which have been preserved. Above the massive substructure are the half- timbered former tower house and the bell chamber . There are dormer-like corner turrets at all four corners of the helmet structure. Steep gables, on which the clock faces of the tower clock are attached, mediate between them to the octagonal pointed helmet, which is crowned by a tower knob, an ornate cross and a weathercock. Small spherical points are attached to the four gables and four turrets. The entire helmet structure is completely slated.

The bell chamber houses a triple bell. The largest and oldest bell was cast by Philipp Schweitzer in Werdorf in 1733 ( g sharp 1 ) and bears the inscription: “COME LAST VNS AVF THE MOUNTAIN OF THE LORD WALK ZVM HAVSE DES GOTTES 1ACOB DAS / ER VNS TEACH HIS WAYS AND WE WALK AVF HIS HIS CLIMBING . ISAIAH. CAP. 2 V. 3. ANNO 1733. IN GOD'S NAME I FLOS, PH. SCHWEITZER IN WERDORF GOS MICH. ”In addition there were two smaller bells by Johann Peter and Johann Georg Bach from the years 1752 and 1801. The latter were made by Christian Störmer from Erfurt in 1925 (increased c sharp 2 ) and in 1953 by the Rincker brothers ( after losses caused by the war ) h 1 ) newly cast.

Furnishing

The baroque church furnishings have largely been preserved. Inside there is a three-sided, circumferential, wooden gallery built on circular columns; the south wall is cut out for the side portal and as an installation site for the pulpit. 27 of the total of 29 paintings on the gallery balustrades are works by Johann Jacob Hauck (* 1694; † after 1761) from the year 1720, the origin of which cannot be identified. Nine of them are attached to the west gallery (each 0.65 × 0.75 meters), twelve on the north gallery and eight on the east gallery (each 0.73 × 0.76 meters). They show scenes from the Old and New Testaments as well as the four evangelists. At Heinrich Walbe's instigation in 1910, the relevant biblical passages were indicated below the pictures. The picture with the Emmaus disciples was created by Walter Weis (St. Ingbert) in 1910 and the communion scene by Kurt Scriba (Herbstein) in 1962. The ceiling is adorned with three octagonal scenes from the prophetic books Isaiah, Ezekiel and Joel, which Hauck also made in 1720.

The liturgical area is raised by one step and the block altar with protruding cafeteria plate by another step. The baroque altar painting by Hauck in the shape of a round arch (1.09 × 1.35 meters) shows the crucifixion scene. It was placed on the altar table in 1978. The chalice-shaped font from 1720 is a work by JG Moers. The conch shell stands on a shaft that is decorated with acanthus . The polygonal, marbled combined pulpit hexagonal sounding board is a work of 1666. The pulpit basket rests on a twisted column. Free columns structure the coffered pulpit fields. The carpenter J. Kreß built the blue-framed church stalls from 1719 to 1720 with carved cheeks. The choir stalls under the east gallery are also from the construction period.

The relief tombstone was made for Phillip Stamm († 1573).

organ

In 1712 Johann Friedrich Macrander built an organ for the old church and in the same year a work for the neighboring Lindheim . In 1710 he had completed an organ in Frankfurt-Rödelheim . His work in Altenstadt had ten stops on a manual and pedal . In the course of the new church building, the instrument was stored in the town hall. When it was installed in 1719, it received new wings from Kreß, who also created the richly decorated veil boards. In 1910, Heinrich Bechstein from Groß-Umbach built a new factory behind the baroque prospect , which was expanded to include pipe fields on the side. In 1981, during the renovation of the organ, the 8 ′ viol was replaced by a 2 ′ octave; the viol was preserved. Since then, the disposition has been as follows:

I Manual C – f 3
Principal 8th'
Drone 8th'
octave 4 ′
flute 4 ′
octave 2 ′
Mixture III 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
II Manual C – f 3
Violin principal 8th'
Dumped 8th'
Salicional 8th'
Reed flute 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – d 1
Sub bass 16 ′
Violon bass 8th'
  • Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
  • Playing aids : Super octave coupler I / I, sub octave coupler II / I

literature

  • Georg Dehio . Edited by Folkhard Cramer and others: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler , Hessen II, the administrative district Darmstadt . Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03117-3 , p. 6.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Pastor and schoolmaster book for the Hessian-Darmstadt sovereign lands (= Hassia sacra. Volume 4). Self-published, Darmstadt 1930, p. 263 ff.
  • Altenstadt community council (ed.): 1200 years Altenstadt. 767-1967. Altenstadt 1967.
  • Christa Haug; Evangelical Church Community St. Nikolai Altenstadt (ed.): The paintings in the St. Nikolai Church Altenstadt. Put pressure on, Frankfurt am Main 2016.
  • Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hesse-Nassau area (= writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). Elwert, Marburg 1937, reprint 1984, p. 43.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.); Siegfried RCT Enders (arr.): Cultural monuments in Hessen. Wetteraukreis I. (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-528-06231-2 , pp. 21-29.
  • Heinrich Wagner: District of Büdingen (= art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Province of Upper Hesse. Volume 1). Bergsträßer, Darmstadt 1890, pp. 6-7 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : St. Nikolai  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Evangelical Parish Church In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse
  2. ^ Kleinfeldt, Weirich: The medieval church organization. 1984, p. 43.
  3. ↑ Altenstadt. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 6, 2020 .
  4. ^ Wagner: Büdingen district. 1890, p. 6 ( online ).
  5. ^ Haug: The paintings in the St. Nikolai Church in Altenstadt. 2016, p. 8.
  6. ↑ Homepage of the parish: Interesting facts from our church chronicle , accessed on April 6, 2020.
  7. ^ Haug: The paintings in the St. Nikolai Church in Altenstadt. 2016, p. 10.
  8. ↑ a b c Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Hessen II. 2008, p. 6.
  9. ^ Wagner: Büdingen district. 1890, p. 7 ( online ).
  10. ^ Haug: The paintings in the St. Nikolai Church in Altenstadt. 2016, p. 12.
  11. ↑ Krystian Skoczowski : The organ builder family Zinck. A contribution to the research of organ building in the Wetterau and the Kinzig valley in the 18th century . Haag + Herchen, Hanau 2018, ISBN 978-3-89846-824-4 , pp. 45 .
  12. ^ Franz Bösken, Hermann Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 29.1 ). tape 3 : Former province of Upper Hesse. Part 1: A-L . Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1330-7 , p. 63-66 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 17 ′ 14 "  N , 8 ° 56 ′ 40"  E