Venice State Archives
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Archivio di Stato di Venezia State Archives Venice
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 Entrance, with the Frari since 1815/17 |
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| place | Venice |
| founding | 1815 |
| scope | 70 kilometers of shelves; over 800 funds, including the minutes of the Venetian government bodies |
| ISIL | IT-VE0263 |
| Website | www.archiviodistatovenezia.it |
The Venice State Archives ( Archivio di Stato di Venezia ) is located at Campo dei Frari, San Polo 3002.
It contains most of the historical sources that the Republic of Venice left behind since the city fire from 976 to 1797, as well as the holdings of Italian government agencies based in Venice from 1866 onwards, which were ceded to the archive. The locally created archive materials from the French and Austrian eras between 1797 and 1866 are also located there.
The more recent municipal holdings, on the other hand, are in the Archivio storico del Comune di Venezia , those of the parishes, the lost dioceses and the Patriarchate in the Archivio storico del Patriarcato di Venezia .
The State Archives also contain numerous holdings from monasteries and churches, professional associations and families, the six Scuole Grandi and the numerous Scuole Piccole and the brotherhoods, notaries, etc. There is also a library with a stock of around 59,000 volumes.
The headquarters are in a former Franciscan monastery at the Frari Church in the San Polo sestiere .
The house is not only the most important archive for Venetian history and that of Veneto , it is also of great importance for the entire area of the former colonial empire , i.e. the area between the upper Adriatic and Cyprus. The same applies to the history of the Mediterranean area touched by Venice's external relations , the Black Sea , but also the North Sea area and the southern German cities. It was also the most important archive for the history of the Balkans until well into the Ottoman period .
history
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The Franciscan Monastery
The Franciscan monastery dates back to a donation from Doge Iacopo Tiepolo in 1246. The order was allowed to dry up the lacus Badovarius or Badovariorum . The small lake was named after the neighboring palace of the Badoer family. The number of friars and the amount of donations grew rapidly so that the foundation stone was laid on April 28, 1250. One of the largest Franciscan churches in Europe was built by the end of the 15th century. This is why the double convent building was also called domus magna or cà granda . The outer, larger monastery was dedicated to the Trinity, the inner, smaller monastery of Sant'Antonio. The order was dissolved in 1810.
Foundation phase
Jacopo Chiodo - he himself preferred the baptismal name Giacomo - who worked as an archivist both before 1797 and afterwards, tried to set up a central archive, which both Vienna and Paris agreed to. Initially, however, it was not set up, instead three departments continued to exist in different places: The “political” archival material was kept in San Teodoro, a department headed by Carlo Antonio Marin , the court files, however, came to San Giovanni and the ones stored in San Provolo Archives of the Treasury and Domains.
Venice returned to Austria in 1815, and in the same year the decision was made to set up a central archive. The State Archives came into being in 1817 under the name Archivio generale veneto , and Chiodo became its first director and retired in 1840. All archival material was supposed to be transferred to the Austrian archive, but Chiodo managed to avert this. Between 1817 and 1822, the state files from the time of the republic were moved there. In the Napoleonic era, when they were not brought to Paris and later to Vienna , they were divided into three locations. The state holdings from the period up to 1797 were originally in the Doge's Palace , in the procuraties or in the institutions on the Rialto Bridge . The files of the political organs were in the meantime in the Scuola grande di S. Teodoro , the court files were in San Zanipolo , while the economic files , especially those of the financial authorities, were in a palazzo near San Provolo. The notarial files were initially at Rialto, but have been relocated several times.
From 1797, French and Austrian authorities were in the city, whose holdings were transferred to the State Archives. The state institutions that arose in the city from 1866 when the city became part of Italy also left their holdings in the archive, which was now the state archive. In 1875 the archive expanded and incorporated via the former monastery of Ss. Trinità and S. Antonio as well as S. Nicoletto ai Frari. Therefore, the dead end behind the monastery is now called Calle dietro l'archivio , that is, the alley behind the archive .
The archive was by no means open to the public for a long time. In 1825, Emmanuele Antonio Cicogna and in 1829 Leopold von Ranke had to ask the Kaiser in Vienna for permission. At the same time, numerous documents and entire holdings migrated to Vienna or Milan . In 1805, a full 44 boxes were initially sent across the Alps and then brought to Milan in 1815. They were only brought back to Venice in 1837 and 1842. The diplomatic dispute over stocks continued for a long time.
Expansion after 1866
Venice came to Italy in 1866. In 1876, the State Archives received part of the Dieci savi alle decime palace in Rialto along with the adjoining Scuola dei Orefici . Directors were Girolamo Dandolo (1796–1867, director from 1860 to 1867), Tommaso Gar, Teodoro Toderini (until 1876) and Bartolomeo Cecchetti (1838–89, director from 1876 to 1889), Luigi Lanfranchi . Carlo Malagola was first director of the State Archives in Bologna , then that of Venice.
On November 4, 1966, the city experienced an extreme flood , which also endangered the archive holdings, which initially had to be placed on higher shelves. In the years that followed, protective measures against future flooding were implemented and the San Nicoletto convent was restructured. An enlarged reading room was created. To this end, the former summer refectory , which looks into one of the two cloisters , was enlarged. Until then, that was where the financial files had been. During the renovation work, elements that had been built in at the beginning of the 20th century for reasons of statics were removed so that the room was restored to its original dimensions. In August 1989 the new reading room was opened. At the same time, the main entrance was moved to the Campo dei Frari . At the end of 2008 another flood threatened the safety of the stocks.
The branch on the Giudecca (Fondamenta della Croce, 17) was originally a Benedictine convent. This became state property in 1806, used as a prison from 1811, then as a warehouse for tobacco. In 1925 the State Archives exchanged some buildings on the Giudecca from the Magistrato alle acque for the palace of Dieci savi alle decime in Rialto , which had previously served as a branch. However, these department stores proved unsuitable, and so the archive acquired the former Benedictine building in the 1960s. Some of the holdings from the main building, but especially the holdings on the Rialto Bridge, were recorded, subjected to conservation measures and transferred to the Giudecca at the end of the 1970s. In the 1980s, the State Archives received the Benedictine Church in addition to the monastery. In the Dépendance there are mainly court files, but also police, prefecture and financial files from the 19th century.
Provenance principle, recordings of the holdings
Teodoro Toderini, the director of the archives who fell ill at the end of 1875 and died in 1876, was an advocate of the provenance principle , which ultimately prevailed, while his successor Bartolomeo Cecchetti took a different view.
Andrea Da Mosto (1937–1940), also director of the archive, published the first overview of the holdings, which is still useful today, followed by Raimondo Morozzo della Rocca (1905–1980, director from 1952 to 1968).
A guida generale was published in 1994, and in 1997 the digital recording of the holdings began, which are to be made gradually, if only partially, made available to the public via the Internet. In December 2006, the Repertorio dei fondi e degli strumenti di ricerca was completed, which enables a complete overview of the holdings. This is now available online.
From 1977 to 1990 Maria Francesca Tiepolo was director of the archive, followed by Paolo Selmi († August 28, 2010) in office until 2003 , who in turn was Raffaele Santoro.
literature
- Guida generale degli Archivi di Stato Italiani. Volume 4: S - Z , Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali - Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, Rome 1994, pp. 869-881. ISBN 88-7125-080-X
- Rawdon Brown: L'archivio di Venezia con riguardo speciale alla storia inglese (= Nuova Collezione di Opere Storiche. 4, ZDB -ID 2492330-8 ). G. Antonelli et al., Venice et al. 1865, ( digitized ).
- Bartolomeo Cecchetti : L'archivio di stato in Venezia negli anni 1876–1880. Naratovich, Venice 1881. ( digitized version )
- Maria Pia Pedani Fabris, Alessio Bombaci (ed.): I “documenti turchi” dell'Archivio di Stato di Venezia (= Pubblicazioni degli Archivi di Stato. Strumenti , 122). Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali - Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, Rome 1994. ISBN 88-7125-090-7
- Daniele Ceschin: L'Archivio dei Frari , in: Daniele Ceschin, Anna Scannapieco: L'Archivio dei Frari. La casa di Goldoni (= Novecento a Venezia , 5). Il poligrafo, Padua 2005, pp. 11-48. ISBN 88-7115-472-X
See also
Web links
- State Archives website
- Overview of the stocks
- Hans-Jürgen Hübner: Sources and editions on the history of Venice
Remarks
- ↑ In 977 the Doge had to confess to Capodistria ( Koper ) that both the Venetian and the Istrian documents had been burned ( Roberto Cessi (ed.): Documenti relativi alla storia di Venezia anteriori al mille , vol. 11, Padua 1942 (reprint Venice 1991), p. 106). Other holdings were affected by the fires of 1231, 1514, 1574 and 1577.
- ↑ Manuela Preto Martini: Una vita per la memoria della Repubblica: Giacomo Chiodo, archivista e direttore dell'Archivio dei Frari a Venezia (1797-1840) , in: Il diritto della regione. Il nuovo cittadino, 1-2 (January to April 2010), pp. 233-290.
- ↑ Because of Austria's rule over Venice, Gottlieb Lukas Friedrich Tafel and Georg Martin Thomas published the documents on the earlier commercial and state history of the Republic of Venice in 1856 in the Fontes rerum Austriacarum series , in which final Venetian relazions of the 17th century were also edited.
- ^ Teodoro Toderini e Bartolomeo Cecchetti, L'Archivio di Stato in Venezia nel decennio 1866-1875 , Venice 1876, pp. 1f.
- ^ Andrea da Mosto: L'archivio di stato di Venezia. Indice generale, storico, descrittivo ed analitico ( online ).
- ↑ online ( Memento from November 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF, 4.4 MB).
- ↑ La guida on-line SiASVe .
Coordinates: 45 ° 26 ′ 13.9 ″ N , 12 ° 19 ′ 36.4 ″ E