Stathmopodidae

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Stathmopodidae
Stathmopoda pedella

Stathmopoda pedella

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Subordination : Glossata
Superfamily : Gelechioidea
Family : Stathmopodidae
Scientific name
Stathmopodidae
Meyrick , 1913

The Stathmopodidae are a family of butterflies established by Edward Meyrick in 1913. This happened without a description, but derived from the valid generic name Stathmopoda , so that there are good reasons to recognize Meyrick's authorship for the family on the basis of Article 12.2.4 (1999) of the ICZN . In more recent literature, however, Janse, 1917 is usually named as the author.

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 7 to 15 millimeters, in tropical species a wingspan of up to 30 millimeters is achieved. The head is smooth, the forehead is often more or less puffy. The antennae are slightly shorter than the fore wings and usually ciliate in the males. The basal antennae ( Scapus ) has no bristle comb (Pecten). The eyes are quite large, Ocellen is missing. The labial palps are long, bent back, and covered with tightly fitting scales . The third segment is pointed and as long as the second. The forewings are lanceolate-linear or linear shaped and have a very pointed apex . They are yellowish and drawn with oblique brown bands. On the forewing, the radial arteries begin tightly packed at the end of the discoidal cell . M1 is stalked with R4 and R5, M2 is occasionally absent. The hind wings are very narrow and have very long fringed scales. Normally all veins are represented, but the median vein M3 and the cubital veins Cu1 and Cu2 are very short. Tibia and tarsi are usually brightly colored and covered with hair-like scales, especially on the upper side. There are tufts of long bristles at the base of the spurs and at the end of the first phalanx. The abdominal tergites II to VII have specialized lanceolate scales (thorns) which are deeply inserted and arranged in moderately wide to narrow bands at the rear edge of a tergite.

The larvae are short, wide and spindle-shaped. They are only moderately active and have no secondary bristles. They are colorless and only get darker before pupation.

The pupae are weakly sclerotized , the anterior femora are exposed, the labial palps are hidden. The abdominal segments IV through VI are usually movable. The cremaster tip is bumpy and has a group of strong, curved pin hooks.

The cocoons are spindle-shaped, double-walled and have a long exit tube.

distribution

The representatives of the family are well represented in the Indo-Australian and the Afrotropic fauna region. In South America and the temperate zones of the Holarctic only a few species are located. In the Palearctic, there are more than 20 species, mainly in the extreme south and southeast, and nine species in Europe .

biology

The species in the family prefer to live in forest areas. In the south they can also be found in open landscapes with isolated groups of trees. The larvae feed on the reproductive organs of plants (including the sporangia of ferns ) and manufacture silky webs in or between them. In the tropics , some species live as scavengers or predators in the colonies of scale insects . Some species are significant pests in the cultivation of figs , persimmons and carob trees . The moths rest in a striking way on the leaves of their food plants, with their hind legs being tucked away from the body. The moths willingly come to light .

Systematics

The family Stathmopodidae is represented in Europe with nine species in four genera:

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d J. C. Koster, S. Yu. Sinev: Momphidae, Batrachedridae, Stathmopodidae, Agonoxenidae, Cosmopterigidae, Chrysopeleiidae . In: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt, L. Lyneborg (eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe . 1st edition. tape 5 . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-66-8 , pp. 59 (English).
  2. ↑ a b Stathmopodidae in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 14, 2011

literature

  • JC Koster, S. Yu. Sinev: Momphidae, Batrachedridae, Stathmopodidae, Agonoxenidae, Cosmopterigidae, Chrysopeleiidae . In: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt, L. Lyneborg (eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe . 1st edition. tape 5 . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-66-8 (English).

Web links

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