Stern (entrepreneurial family)

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Stern is the name of a well-known Ashkenazi-Jewish banking family of German origin. In the course of the 19th century she founded three banks with close business ties: 1805 “ Jacob SH Stern ” in Frankfurt am Main , 1832 “AJ Stern & Cie” in Paris and 1844 “Stern Brothers” in London . The Stern banking family was also significantly involved in the founding of major banks, companies and railways, including the "Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas SA" (since 1999 part of BNP Paribas ) in Paris 1872, the metal company in Frankfurt am Main in 1881, the Anatolian Railway Company in Constantinople 1888, the German-Asiatic Bank in Shanghai 1889 and the Shantung Railway Company in China 1895.

history

The Stern family comes from the Hass-Kahn family in Frankfurt am Main . The progenitor was Salomon zum Hasen, who is first mentioned in 1530. He married a daughter of Beer zum Buchsbaum, with whom he ran a cloth shop. Salomon taxed an amount of 10,100 guilders in 1556 . He was given the nickname “Zum Hasen” after his house, the Rote Hasen, which was built for him in 1533 for 100 guilders. The Stern family separated from the Hass-Kahn family in the 17th century.

The first bank of the Stern family, " Jacob SH Stern ", emerged from the wine shop founded by Samuel Hayum Stern (1760–1819) in 1778 in Frankfurt's Judengasse . He had two children, Jacob Samuel Hayum (1780-1833) and Caroline (1782-1854). The latter married Baron Salomon Meyer von Rothschild in 1800 . Jacob Samuel Hayum Stern founded his own wine shop in 1799, called Jacob Stern . Following the example of many other Christian and Jewish trading houses, from 1805 Jacob Samuel Hayum Stern gradually converted his wine shop into a bank, which specialized in securities issues. After his father's death in 1819, he took over his wine business and merged it with his own company. He named the combined company Jacob SH Stern .

Following the example of the Rothschild family , Jacob Samuel Hayum Sterns Söhne founded branches abroad: Abraham (later Anton and Antoine) Jakob Stern (1805–1885) and Leopold Stern (1810–1846) founded AJ Stern & Cie. in Paris , David Stern (1807–1877) and Hermann Stern (1815–1887) founded Stern Brothers in London in 1844 . Another son, Julius Jacob Stern (1807–1852), settled as a banker in Berlin . The eldest son, Wolf Jacob Stern (1800–1854), continued to run the parent company, Jacob SH Stern, together with his younger brother, Sigmund Jacob Stern (1809–1872), after their father's death in 1833. The bank was later continued by Theodor Stern (1837–1900) and Otto Braunfels (1841–1917)

In close cooperation with its sister banks in Paris and London, "Jacob SH Stern" participated in the financing of the Italian tobacco monopoly in 1868 and in the issuance of numerous national and international bonds, including the government bonds for Bulgaria , Portugal , Argentina and the Omani Empire and the Chinese Empire . When the 3 billion French franc bond to finance the French war indemnity to the German Reich was introduced on the London and Paris stock exchanges in 1872 , the Stern bank, in addition to the banks MA Rothschild & Sons ( Frankfurt am Main ), had the Diskonto-Gesellschaft (Berlin ) and S. Bleichröder ( Berlin ) contributed significantly to the great success of this issue.

The Stern banking family was also significantly involved in the founding of major banks, companies and railways, including the “Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas SA” (since 1999 part of “ BNP Paribas ”) in Paris 1872 and the metal company in Frankfurt am Main 1881, the Anatolian Railway Company in Constantinople in 1888, the German-Asian Bank in Shanghai in 1889, the Schantung Railway Company in China in 1895, the Study Company for Electric Rapid Railways in Berlin in 1899 and the Deutsche Petroleum-Aktiengesellschaft in Berlin in 1904.

During the Third Reich , the "Jacob SH Stern" bank was aryanized in 1938 when it was forcibly taken over by the Frankfurt bank Metzler . The Stern family's London bank, "Stern Brothers", went out after Albert Gerald Stern (1878–1966) withdrew from the company in 1964. The last of the three banks of the Stern family, "AJ Stern & Cie", was sold in 1985 by Édouard Stern (1954-2005) for 300 million French francs to a group of Lebanese investors. Since Édouard Stern had expressly secured the rights to his name in the sale, he immediately founded a new bank called "Banque Stern", which was able to win over many customers of his previous bank. In 1988 he sold the new bank to the “Schweizerischer Bankverein” (since 1998 part of “ UBS ”) for 1.75 billion Swiss francs . A member of the Stern family, Jérôme Stern (* 1969), co-founded the family office “J. Stern & Co. ”in London.

family tree

  • Samuel Heyum Stern (1760–1819), founded a wine shop in Frankfurt am Main in 1778
    • Jacob Samuel Heyum Stern (1780–1833), wine merchant and banker, founded a wine shop in 1805 from which the “Jacob SH Stern” bank in Frankfurt am Main emerged in 1819, married to Theresia Wohl (1782–1850)
      • Wolf Jacob Stern (1801–1854), banker, continued the “Jacob SH Stern” bank with his brother Léopold Stern (1810–1846)
        • Saly Wilhelm Stern (1832–1904), married to Rosa Bemberg (1854–1890), daughter of Otto Bemberg
          • Jacques Stern (1882–1949), banker in Paris, Member of Parliament for the constituency of Basses-Alpes, Minister of the Navy and the Colonies, married to Simone de Leusse (1894–1974)
      • Abraham (later Anton and Antoine) Jacob Stern (1805–1885), banker, founded the bank “AJ Stern & Cie” in Paris in 1832, knight of the Legion of Honor, together with his brother Leopold Stern (1810–1846)
        • Henriette Antonia Stern (1836–1905), married to Georges Halphen (1832–1906), diamond dealer, banker and director of the " Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord "
        • Jacques Stern (1839–1902), banker, 1872 co-founder of the “Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas SA” (since 1999 part of the “ BNP Paribas ”) in Paris , General Councilor of the Oise department , married to Sophie Croisette (1847–1901 )
        • Louis Stern (1840–1900), banker in Paris, married to Maria Ernesta de Hierschel-Minerbi (1854–1926), author
          • Léon Antoine Jean Stern (1875–1962), banker, Olympic fencing champion in 1908, Knight of the Legion of Honor , married to Claude Lambert (1884–1971), daughter of Léon, First Baron Lambert (1851–1919), owner of the “Banque Lambert ”in Brussels , President of the“ Consistoire central israélite de Belgique ”, and his wife Baroness Zoé Lucie Betty de Rothschild (1863–1916)
            • Simone Stern (1905–1992), married to Orazio Sanjust di Teleuda (1889–1973)
      • Julius Stern (1807–1852), banker in Berlin , married to Louise Ellissen (1810– ??)
        • James Julius Stern (1835–1901), banker, partner in the “Stern Brothers” bank in London , married to Lucie Leah Biedermann (1850–1940), granddaughter of Michael Lazar Biedermann (1769–1843)
          • Henry Julius Joseph Stern (1873-1958)
          • Albert Gerald Stern (1878–1966), banker, with his retirement from the bank “Stern Brothers” in 1964, the bank, holder of the Order of St Michael and St George, expires
          • Frederick Claude Stern (1884–1967), banker and botanist
        • Theodor Stern (1837–1900), banker, ran the “Jacob SH Stern” bank with Otto Braunfels (1841–1917)
        • Suzette Stern (1845–1887), married to Henri Fould (1837–1895), Knight of the Legion of Honor
      • Sigmund Jacob Stern (1809–1872), banker, continued to run the “Jacob SH Stern” bank with his brother Wolf Jacob Stern (1801–1854)
      • Léopold Stern (1810–1846), banker, founded the bank “AJ Stern & Cie” in Paris in 1832 together with his brother Abraham (later Anton or Antoine) Jacob Stern (1805–1885)
      • David (de) Stern (1807–1877), banker, founded the “Stern Brothers” bank in London in 1844 with his brother Hermann Stern (1815–1887) , received the title of Viscount from the Portuguese king in 1870 , married to Sophia Goldsmid, daughter by Aaron Asher Goldsmid (1785–1860) and niece of Isaac Lyon Goldsmid (1778–1859), both co-owners of the London bank " Mocatta & Goldsmid " (founded 1684)
        • Sydney Stern (1845–1912), First Baron Wandsworth, London banker, member of the House of Commons and then of the House of Lords
        • Helen Stern (1847–1933), married to Charles Warde (1845–1937), baron
        • Edward David Stern (1854–1933), banker, since 1910 senior partner of the “Stern Brothers” bank in London, philanthropist, married to: 1. Constance Jessel, daughter of George Jessel (1824–1883); 2. Sybil Grace (1887–1979), daughter of Sir Adolf Tuck, first Baron of Park Crescent in St Marylebone (1854–1926), managing director and co-owner of Raphael Tuck & Sons publishing house in London
        • Alice Stern, married to Francis Lucas (1850–1918)
      • Hermann (de) Stern (1815–1887), banker, founded the “Stern Brothers” bank in London in 1844 with his brother David Stern (1807–1877) , made a baron by the Portuguese king in 1864, acquired Strawberry Hill House in 1883 , married to Julia Goldsmid, daughter of Aaron Asher Goldsmid (1785–1860) and niece of Isaac Lyon Goldsmid (1778–1859), both co-owners of the London bank "Mocatta & Goldsmid"
        • Emily Theresa Stern (1846–1905), married to Edward Dutton, Fourth Baron Sherborne (1831–1919)
        • Herbert Stern (1851–1919), First Baron Michelham, London banker, philanthropist, member of the House of Lords
          • Herman Alfred Stern (1900–1984), Second Baron Michelham, married to Beatrice Capel (sister of Boy Capel (1881–1919))
        • Laura Stern (1855-1935), married to David Lionel Goldsmid-Stern-Salomons (1851-1925), Second Baron of Broom Hill
      • Salomon Stern (1818–1890), banker, married to Johanne (Jeanne) Ellissen (1829–1880)
        • Edgard Stern (1854–1937), banker in Paris, had the “Château de Villette” built in Pont-Sainte-Maxence in 1903 (the Château remained in the family until 2002), art collector, husband of Marguerite Fould (1866–1956), daughter by Henri Fould, Knight of the Legion of Honor and his wife Suzette Stern
          • Suzanne Stern (1887–1954), married to Bertrand de Sauvan d'Aramon (1876–1949), Member of Parliament
          • Maurice Stern (1888–1962), banker in Paris, Knight of the Legion of Honor , married to Alice Goldschmidt (1906–2008)
            • Antoine Stern (1925–1995), banker, President and CEO of Banque Stern, husband of Christiane Laroche (* 1926) (divorced Jean-Claude Servan-Schreiber , descendants), daughter of Hervé Laroche, director of “Banque nationale pour le commerce et l'industrie ”(BNCI), Knight of the Legion of Honor
              • Édouard Stern (1954–2005), banker, sold “AJ Stern & Cie” in 1985 and then founded “Banque Stern”, which he sold in 1988, from 1992 managing partner of Banque Lazard , married to Béatrice David-Weill (* 1957 ), Daughter of Michel David-Weill, free member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts , Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor , and his wife Hélène Lehideux
            • Gérard Stern (* 1927), married to Brigitte Noetzlin (* 1938), granddaughter of the Swiss banker Edouard Noetzlin (1848–1935)
          • Hubert Stern (1893–1972)
        • Thérèse Stern (1859–1935), married to Louis Singer (1857–1932), Mayor of Neufmoutiers-en-Brie , son of Alexander Singer, stockbroker, and his wife Flore Regensburg
    • Caroline Stern (1782–1854), married to Baron Salomon Mayer von Rothschild (1774–1855), the second son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Gutle Schnapper .

gallery

  • Saly Wilhelm Stern (1832–1904)

  • Sydney James Stern (1845–1912), First Baron Wandsworth

  • Lucy Biedermann (1850-1940)

  • Herbert Stern (1851–1919), First Baron Michelham

  • Edward David Stern (1854-1933)

  • Maria Ernesta de Hierschel-Minerbi (1854–1926)

  • Maria Ernesta de Hierschel-Minerbi with her family

  • Thérèse Stern (1859-1935)

  • Marguerite Fould (1866-1956)

  • Albert Gerald Stern (1878–1966)

  • Château de Villette

literature

  • Paul H. Emden: To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the JSH Stern bank. Frankfurt am Main 1905.
  • Paul H. Emden: Money Powers of Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Appleton-Century, New York 1938, pp. 259ff.
  • Stern Brothers. In: Paul H. Emden: Jews of Britain. A Series of Biographies. Sampson, Low, Marston & Co., London 1944, DNB 1004941854 , pp. 542-543.
  • Michael Jurk: The other Rothschilds: Frankfurt private bankers in the 18th and 19th centuries. In: Georg Heuberger: The Rothschilds. Contributions to the history of a European family. Thorbecke, Frankfurt am Main 1995, ISBN 3-7995-1202-0 , p. 46.
  • Hans-Dieter Kirchholtes: Jewish private banks in Frankfurt am Main. Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-7829-0351-X .
  • Ingo Köhler: The "Aryanization" of private banks in the Third Reich. In: Series of publications for the journal for corporate history. Volume 14, 2nd edition. 2008.
  • Gyula Meleghy: The intermediary role of the banks in German investments in North and Central America up to the First World War. Dissertation, Cologne 1983.
  • Morten Reitmayer: Bankers in the Empire. Social profile and habitus of German high finance (= critical studies on historical science . Volume 136). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1999, ISBN 3-525-35799-0 .

Web links

Commons : Stern family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ Article on the Haas family on judengasse.de
  2. ^ Hans-Dieter Kirchholtes: Jewish private banks in Frankfurt am Main. Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1989, p. 40.
  3. ^ Paul H. Emden: Money Powers of Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Appleton-Century, New York 1938, p. 260.
  4. ↑ Gyula Meleghy: The intermediary role of banks in German investments in North and Central America until the First World War. Cologne 1983, pp. 21-22.
  5. ↑ Michael Jurk: The other Rothschilds: Frankfurt private bankers in the 18th and 19th centuries. In: Georg Heuberger: The Rothschilds. Contributions to the history of a European family. Thorbecke, Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 46.
  6. ^ Ingo Köhler: The "Aryanization" of the private banks in the Third Reich. In: Series of publications for the journal for corporate history. Volume 14, 2008, p. 585.
  7. ↑ Article on "Stern Brothers" on gracesguide.co.uk
  8. ↑ Article on "Albert Gerald Stern" on gracesguide.co.uk
  9. ↑ John Carreyrou, Jo Wrighton, Alessandra Galloni: How Banker's Life, Full of Intrigue, Ended in Murder , April 14, 2005 at wsj.com/europe
  10. ↑ Valérie de Senneville: L'affaire star. Épilogue d'un itinéraire tourmenté , June 8, 2009 on lesechos.fr
  11. ↑ James Phillipps: Meet the most influential bank dynasty you've never heard of , August 7, 2014 on citywire.co.uk