Stollhofener Platte (natural area)

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Stollhofener Platte
Hügelsheim in the aerial view. In the foreground the Rhine valley with meadows and the sports field. On the Stollhofener Platte, the place surrounded by fields in front of the Bannwald. The Northern Black Forest on the horizon.
Hügelsheim in the aerial view. In the foreground the Rhine valley with meadows and the sports field. On the Stollhofener Platte, the place surrounded by fields in front of the Bannwald. The Northern Black Forest on the horizon.
Systematics according to Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany
Greater region 2nd order 20–24 →
Upper Rhine lowlands
Main unit group 22 →
Northern Upper Rhine Lowland
4th order region
(main unit)		 223 →
Hardt levels
Natural space 223.1 →
Stollhofener Platte
Natural area characteristics
Landscape type predominantly wooded low terrace level
Geographical location
Coordinates 48 ° 47 '31.2 "  N , 8 ° 7' 37.2"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 47 '31.2 "  N , 8 ° 7' 37.2"  E
Stollhofener Platte (western layer level land)
Stollhofener Platte
Location Stollhofener Platte
circle Rastatt district , Baden-Baden
state Baden-Württemberg

The Stollhofener plate is the southernmost natural spatial subunit (223.1) of the main unit Hardt levels (223) within the Rhine rift . It comprises a predominantly wooded low terrace level , which is located in the Rastatt district and in the Baden-Baden district in Baden-Württemberg.

Demarcation

The Stollhofener Platte is around 15 kilometers long and 3 to 4 kilometers wide. The northeasternmost point of the subunit is in the south of the Rastatt urban area, the southwestern corner is in the district of Stollhofen in the municipality of Rheinmünster . The districts of the communities of Iffezheim and Hügelsheim as well as the Baden-Baden district of Sandweier are partly on the Stollhofener Platte.

Adjacent sub-units or sub-units are:

  • The Oos-Murg-Federbach-Niederung (223.51) in the northeast includes the alluvial cone of the Murg and part of the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne , a depression on the edge of the Rhine plain that is somewhat deeper than the Stollhofener Platte.
  • The Bühler Niederung (210.31) borders the Stollhofener Platte with the southern continuation of the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne, a break area west of Baden-Oos .
  • The Lichtenau dune field (210.1) forms the border of the Stollhofener Platte in the southeast and south. On the one hand it includes the rupture area around Schiftung and Leiberstung , which is also part of the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne, and on the other a depression south of the Stollhofener Platte through which the Sulzbach flows.
  • The area belonging to the Plittersdorfer Rheinaue (222.31) in the southwest belonged to the floodplain of the Rhine until the 1970s and is now used by the Söllingen / Greffern polder .
  • The Rastatt Rhine lowlands (222.41) in the west and northwest begins at the Söllingen district of Rheinmünster and widens to the north to the Rastatter Ried . Most of these are agricultural areas in the diked Rhine lowlands. The border between the Rhine lowlands and Stollhofener Platte is marked by a high bank with a height difference of four meters in the south and around eight meters in the north.

Natural space

The Stollhofener Platte is almost completely flat and rises slightly to the east and north. In the north, dunes up to 21 meters high were blown. Investigations using a digital terrain model showed that there are also overgrown dune relics on the south and east edges of the area. On the plate there are erosion channels about one meter deep, very blurred and mostly oriented from southwest to northeast, which were probably formed after the deposition of the dunes. There are no such channels in the surrounding parts of the Rhine Trench; they may have been created during a brief, violent event.

There are only a few bodies of water. The Sandbach crosses the Stollhofener Platte from southeast to northwest. It is believed that the Sandbachlauf was artificially created in the 14th or 15th century in order to better drain the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne to the east. Within the Stollhofener Platte the Black Graben (lower reaches of the Schinlingraben ) and the Hardtgraben (also Feldgraben ) flow towards the Sandbach ; two trenches, which were also dug to drain areas in the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne. The Hardtgraben became inoperable in 1855 due to further drainage measures and has been dry since then. In the north of Stollhofener plate number are lakes formed by gravel mining have emerged.

The average water table is eight meters below the ground surface. The rainfall is less than 800 mm per year. The soils are sandy-gravelly to sandy-loamy and very dry. Without human intervention, an oak and hornbeam forest would grow on the Stollhofener Platte .

use

Sandheiden nature reserve and dunes near Sandweier and Iffezheim

All settlements are on the edge of the Stollhofener Platte. The western edge of the subunit has been cleared; Here, asparagus , tree fruit, grain and field vegetables, and in the past also tobacco and hemp , are grown on fine , calcareous sand . Jerusalem artichokes are also planted in Hügelsheim . The cultivation of grain and root crops is no longer profitable.

The vast majority of the Stollhofener Platte is taken up by pine forest and pine-deciduous mixed forest. In the southeast of the area are the Bannwald and the Oberwald (also Hartwald ); in the north of the Niederwald , which was formerly used by the military. Extensive vaulted bakeries have been preserved in the forest areas . It is believed that clearing on the Stollhofener Platte began around 1000 in the west and expanded to the east in the 11th and 12th centuries. Today's forest was created partly through afforestation, partly through natural succession , after the nutrient-poor and dry arable land fell as a result of the numerous wars of the early modern era and the associated decline in population.

In December 1951 around 670 hectares of land were confiscated in order to build a NATO airfield near Hügelsheim and Söllingen . Initially the base of the Canadian Air Force, the area has been used as the Karlsruhe / Baden-Baden airport for civil aviation since the end of the Cold War .

Areas south of the airport were placed under protection as the Stollhofener Platte nature reserve in 1998 ; In 2011, the Sandheiden and Dunes nature reserve near Sandweier and Iffezheim in the north of the natural area followed.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information board for the nature reserve Sandheiden and dunes near Sandweier and Iffezheim (pdf, 3.4 MB, accessed on March 11, 2020).
  2. ↑ Elena Beckenbach: Geological interpretation of the high-resolution digital terrain model of Baden-Württemberg. Hochschulschrift, Universität Stuttgart 2016, pp. 205 f, 210 ( download) .
  3. ^ Kurt Hochstuhl: Iffezheim. The story of a village on the Rhine. Regional culture, Ubstadt-Weiher 2006, ISBN 978-3-89735-465-4 , pp. 30, 327 f.
  4. ↑ Ernst Rümmele: Hügelsheim. History of a boatman's village. Municipal administration Hügelsheim, Hügelsheim 1974, p. 191.
  5. ↑ Rümmele, Hügelsheim , p. 181;
    Gerhard de Vries: Our congregation on the website of the congregation Hügelsheim (accessed on March 11, 2020).
  6. ^ Karl Hauger, Renate Riedinger, Benoît Sittler: Wölbäcker in the Rastatt district. On the trail of medieval farmlands. In: Landkreis Rastatt (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch. 2001 (40), pp. 163-172;
    Benoît Sittler, Renate Riedinger, Peter Spatz: Agricultural morphological soil monuments as evidence of historical and modern land use in the Upper Rhine Rift. In: Reports of the Natural Research Society in Freiburg im Breisgau. 2015 (105), pp. 177–207, here pp. 193–198 (PDF, 1.6 MB).
  7. ↑ Rümmele, Hügelsheim , p. 59.