Czestochowa tram
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| Basic information | |
| Country | Poland |
| city | Czestochowa |
| opening | March 8, 1959 |
| operator | MPK Częstochowa |
| Infrastructure | |
| Route length | 14.7 km |
| Gauge | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Stops | 34 |
| Depots | 1 |
| business | |
| Lines | 3 |
| Line length | 30.0 km |
| Clock in the peak hours | 10 min |
| Clock in the SVZ | 20 min |
| Cruising speed | 15.6 km / h |
| vehicles | 43 |
| statistics | |
| Mileage | 1.18 million km per year (2011) |
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The Częstochowa tram is the second youngest tram system in a Polish city. On March 8, 1959, the first tram line was opened in Częstochowa (German: Czestochowa ). In recent years, the system has been extensively modernized and expanded, so that since September 2012 three lines have been running on a route network of 14.7 kilometers in length and serve 32 stops. The track width is 1435 millimeters ( standard gauge ). The network has five turning loops , so that it is operated in one-way operation. The tram is operated by the Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne w Częstochowie (MPK Częstochowa) (German: Städtischer Verkehrsbetrieb Częstochowa ).
The network consists of a north-south route, on which all lines initially run on a common section from Północ via Tysiąclecie, the city center, Trzech Wieszczów to Ostatni Grosz. There the route branches into the branch to Zawodzie-Dąbie via Raków and the branch to Raków via Wrzosowiak. Lines 1 and 2 run together every 10 minutes on weekdays and every 15 minutes in the evenings, during holidays and on Saturdays. Every 20 minutes is offered on Sundays and public holidays. The same timetable applies to line 3. This results in a 5-minute cycle on the common section on working days.
Lines and stops
Lines 1, 2 and 3 run on the same route from the Fieldorfa-Nila loop to the intersection of Niepodległości Avenue, Pokoju Avenue, 11 November Avenue and Jagielońska Street. Line 1 follows Pokoju Alley to the steelworks ( Kucelin-szpital stop ), Line 2 also follows Pokoju Alley to Łukasińskiego Street ( Raków PKP station ) and Line 3 follows Jagielońska Street and Jesienna to Limanowskiego (Stop Stadion Raków ). Line 2 runs in the direction of Raków → Fieldorfa-Nila as line 1. Line 2 is only shortened trips from line 1, as a less frequent cycle is sufficient for the end section to the steelworks.
| line 1 | Line 2 ( return as line 1 ) |
Line 3 |
|---|---|---|
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| line | route | length | Travel time | Hold | vehicles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fieldorfa-Nila ↔ Kucelin Szpital | 10.0 km | 29 min. | 19th | ? × 105Na + 105Na |
| 2 | Fieldorfa-Nila → Raków PKP Railway Station | 8.3 km | 26 min. | 17th | 4 × 105Na + 105Na |
| 3 | Fieldorfa-Nila ↔ Raków Stadium | 11.7 km | 38 min. | 27 | 6 × PESA Twist, 4 × 105Na + 105Na |
history
Unexecuted plans from 1903 to 1928
The first plan to build an electric tram in Częstochowa dates back to January 1903. On February 17, the Warsaw newspaper Kurier Poranny and the government paper Moskiewskie Wiadomości announced a tender to build a tram in Częstochowa. According to the practice at the time, the line should be built and operated at the expense of the concessionaire.
The original plans for a tram network in Częstochowa included three lines, all of which had their starting point at Nowy Rynek (today: Daszyńskiego Square):
- Line 1: Krakowska Street to Motte (today: Elanex) or Częstochowianka (today: Polontex)
- Line 2: to Jasna Góra with branches towards:
- railway station
- Teatralna Street (today: Wolności Avenue)
- św. Rocha cemetery
- Line 3: Warszawska Street to Kule
Four companies took part in the tender. In the end, all offers were rejected as none of the companies met the conditions of the concession. Two years later, another offer to build the tram network was received, but this too was not accepted.
The next two proposals were received in 1908 in connection with the preparation of the Exhibition of Industry and Agriculture in 1909 (Polish: Wystawa Przemysłu i Rolnictwa w Częstochowie w 1909 roku ). The first offer included the construction of a horse-drawn tram and was therefore rejected as out of date. The second offer was for an electric tram on a smaller route network. Three lines were suggested that should start at the station:
- after Jasna Góra
- via Nowy Rynek (today: Daszyńskiego Square) to the Motte company (today: Elanex)
- to the Herby Railway Station (now Boya Żeleńskiego Street)
The city council signed a concession agreement with the company. The tram was not built because the Russian governor in Piotrków Trybunalski prevented it. In 1913 a new attempt was made to build the tram. The negotiations were interrupted by the outbreak of the First World War.
There were also attempts to build a tram in Częstochowa in the interwar period. In October 1924 the Belgian Société d'Éntreprises Electriques en Pologne SA applied for a concession for a tram network consisting of two lines (Jasna Góra ↔ Alleen ↔ Nowy Rynek ↔ Krakowska ↔ Company Motte and Trzech Krzyży-Platz ↔ Nowy Rynek ↔ Alleen ↔ Kościuszki ↔ Stradom station ). On November 14th, the city council set up a commission to examine the proposal. On January 19, 1925, the Commission submitted its report to the Council. The council approved the concession agreement on February 23 and forwarded the request to the tram management in Warsaw for comment. After all, the project did not go ahead.
In 1926 Jan Kubalski presented a new project that envisaged the construction of five narrow-gauge electric tram lines on a network of 14 kilometers.
The following lines were planned in 1926:
- 1: Central Station - I Aleja - Nowy Rynek (today: Daszyńskiego Square) - Narutowicza (Krakowska, Bardowskiego, Wojska Polskiego) - intersection with Okrzei
- 2: Stradom railway station - Wolności - II Aleja - I Aleja - Warszawska - Kule cemetery
- 3: Nowy Rynek (today: Daszyńskiego Square) - I Aleja - II Aleja - III Aleja - 3 Maja - Rynek Wieluński - Rocha - crossing with Wręczycka
- 4: Central Station - I Aleja - II Aleja - III Aleja - Pułaskiego - 7 Kamienic
- 5: Zaciszańska - Św. Barbary - 7 Kamienic - III Aleja - II Aleja - I Aleja - Mirowska - Targowisko (today: Rynek Narutowicza)
This project could not be realized because of the global economic crisis .
Construction of the first line
Plans to build a tram in Częstochowa did not resurface until after World War II . As higher passenger numbers were expected due to the expansion of the Huta Częstochowa steelworks , it was decided to build the tram in 1951. The route planner, Czesław Kotela, initially intended to lay the line in the middle of the street, but eventually it was built on the side. In 1955, construction began on the route, which required the demolition of a number of houses on Bór Street. In addition, a bridge on Pokoju avenue and a viaduct on Aleja Związku Walki Młodych (today: Niepodległości) had to be built. The construction work dragged on and so the first tram ran on the streets of Częstochowa on March 8, 1959. The commissioning was originally planned for 1956, but delays occurred due to financial difficulties and geological problems. The total cost of the construction was 208 million złoty , the works were carried out by Poznańskie Przedsiębiorstwo Robót Drogowych and Kieleckie Przedsiębiorstwo Robót Mostowych . The first stretch was 7.1 kilometers long and ran double-tracked in a lateral position on its own track from Worcella Street along the avenues: Zawadzkiego (today: Armii Krajowej), Kościuszki, Wolności, ZWM (today: Niepodległości), Pokoju to the end loop in Kucelin. The following stops were served: Zawady (loop), Jasnogórska Street, Aleje, Pałczyńskiego (Focha), Mickiewicza, Bór, Depot, PPR, Pokoju-Allee Mitte, Viaduct Pokoju-Allee, Sokola-Street and Mirów (loop). The line was served by six trains that ran every 10 minutes.
Web of the type konstal 105na as line 1 on the Pokoju-Allee
Type 105Na as Line 1 at the Ronald Reagan roundabout
Type 105Na car as line 1 in the Kucelin loop
Expansion into the Raków district
Construction of this branch lasted from May 9 to July 16, 1959, and the line opened on July 21. The 1.5 kilometer long route ran on a single track with diversion from Łukasińskiego Street via Pstrowskiego Street (today: Dąbrowska Street) to the Stary Raków district, where it ended in a block bypass. This route was built by an urban company.
Remnants of the single-track line on Łukasińskiego Street
Network plan from 1959 to 1971
In 1959 and 1960 there were numerous unrealized plans to expand the tram network:
- May Day Street and Sabinowska Street to Dźbowa
- Avenues
- via Nowowiejskiego, Sobieskiego, Pułaskiego, św. Kazimierza to św. Barbary Street
- via Pułaskiego Street, Lenin Avenue (now: Jana Pawła II), św. Rocha to Lisiniec
- Krakowska Street, PPR (today: Wojska Polskiego Avenue), Okrzei Street to the steel mill
- Warszawska Street and January 16 (today: Kiedrzyńska)
- Mirowska Street to Złota
- Targowa Street, Strażacka, Olsztyńska to Pokoju Street
Expansion into the Tysiąclecie and Północ districts
In 1967, consideration was given to decommissioning the tram 20 years after construction, since the investment costs would then be written off. Alternatively, consideration was given to extending the route four kilometers to the north and three kilometers on the site of the steel mill. Ultimately, an extension along Zawadzkiego-Allee (today: Armii Krajowej-Allee) was decided, as the Tysiąclecie district grew rapidly. Opened in 1971, the 1.5-kilometer extension begins at the former loop on Worcella Street and ends at a new loop on Straße des 16 January (today: Kiedrzyńska Street). Despite the expansion, trams were considered obsolete, the route was not renewed and the intention was to shut down the tram after the tracks had worn out.
In return for the new construction of the double-track line to Tysiąclecie, the branch in the old town of Raków was shut down, as basic repairs would have been necessary due to subsidence. Line 2 ended its traffic to the terminal in Raków on August 31, 1971 and was initially withdrawn to a loop at the Rákow station. The start of construction of this new final loop is not known. As early as November 1st, 1971, all trips on the previous line 2 were given line number 1, so that there was only one line left.
In 1974, a conference on the occasion of the 15th anniversary of the tram discussed, among other things, how the safety of tram traffic could be improved. The plans included removing the pedestrian crossing on Pokoju Avenue and building a tram tunnel in the city center ( light rail ). This project was ultimately not implemented due to the high costs.
In October 1983, the construction of a new section between the Niemena Promenade and an end loop on Fieldorfa Street was completed. Traffic on the new section started on January 16, 1984, while at the same time the previous end loop on Kiedrzyńska Street was abandoned and replaced by a new one only a few dozen meters away. The journeys beginning at the loop on the Niemena Promenade were again given line number 2. Each line ran for six minutes, and every second course was line 2.
The Fieldorfa end loop was only intended to be of a temporary nature, as it was planned to extend the route on its own track structure via a tram viaduct to Sosabowskiego Street. This plan was not implemented, as was the long-term extension to the Wyczerpy district, as the originally planned development in these areas was not implemented. A planned route from Kucelin to the rolling mill was also not built.
In 1990 line 1 was shortened to Raków station. After negotiations with the steelworks, the old line network was restored. At the same time, the tracks on this section were renewed. At the end of the 1990s, a large part of the jobs in the steel mill was cut. This reduced the number of passengers carried. Since then, some of the courses have ended at the Raków Railway Station loop and are designated by line number 2, while at the northern end of the route all journeys have been extended to the Fieldorfa Street loop. The final loop on the Niemena Promenade will no longer be served in the scheduled regular service. Between 1998 and 2000 the substructure was renewed.
End loop Fieldorfa-Nila on Wyzwolenia-Allee
Type 105Na railroad as line 1 on Armii Krajowej-Allee
Type 105Na train as line 2 at the final loop at Raków station
105Na as line 2 on Niepodległości avenue
Route to Błeszno
In 2006, planning began on a new 4.5-kilometer tram route in Częstochowa, which will open up the Wrzosowiak and Błeszno districts and end in the area of the Rákow Stadium. Public participation took place in August and September 2006, and questionnaires were sent to 20,000 households in the affected districts. In 1886 questionnaires were returned, of which 1742 were in favor of building the tram. The route runs along Jagiellońska Street, Orkana Street, 11 November Avenue, Jesienna Street and Rakowska Street to a final loop in the area of Żarecka Street. 1148 people voted for this line. The estimated construction cost was 100 million złoty. The city applied for funds from the European Union for a large part of the investment costs for the new line and the procurement of modern low-floor trams.
On November 13th, the results of the competition for European funds were announced. The project to expand the tram network in Częstochowa was given the first priority, while the procurement of seven new low-floor trams by the MPK Częstochowa was given priority two. The total cost of expanding the tram network (including new vehicles) was around 162 million zloty, of which EU funding of 128 million zloty had been applied for. The works were put out to tender on March 22, 2010, and ten bids had been received by the end of the tender period on May 5. The city awarded the contract to a consortium consisting of the companies Drog-Bud and Kromiss-Bis, which submitted an offer for 79.3 million zloty. The previously estimated investment was PLN 98.7 million. Since there were no objections to the award, construction began on August 19, 2010.
On September 3, 2012 the new tram line 3 was opened, it runs from the loop Fieldorfa-Nila to the new loop at the stadium Raków. At the same time the parallel bus routes were discontinued. Night traffic has also been changed: the night tram line N0, which previously ran to Raków station, now follows the new line 3 instead.
PESA Twist as line 3 on Niepodległości avenue
Final loop of the Raków Stadium
Double traction Konstal 105Na as line 3 on Orkana-Straße
modernization
From July 3 to 18, 2010, the track next to Niepodległości Avenue from Bór Street to the depot was comprehensively renewed. The cost was 3 million zlotys. From July 2nd to 17th, 2011, the tracks on Niepodległości avenue from Bór avenue to the Mickiewicza roundabout were renewed, with the exception of the viaduct over the railway line.
In June and July 2011, the unused outer loop track in the Raków station loop , which has a connection with Line 1, was renewed. The installation of a switch in the loop entrance is planned for the future so that both tracks of the loop can be used.
In August 2011, the renovation of the viaduct on Niepodległości avenue began. By December 15, tram traffic on the section from the depot to the Północ district was suspended. During this time, work was carried out on the sections on Jasnogórską and Worcella streets and minor track repairs. In July 2012, a major overhaul of the section between Worcella and Jana Pawła II streets took place.
plans
The city's plans include preliminary planning for a new line in the Raków district along Limanowskiego Street and on Łukasińskiego Street. The construction of a branch to the hospital in Parkitce and the extension of the main route in the Północ district to the Kukuczka loop are also being considered. This project, named 1+ 2+ 3+, is to be funded under the EU budget 2014-2020.
vehicles
Modern vehicles
| design type | in operation since |
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number |
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| Twist II | 2020 |
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1 of 10 |
| 129Nb | 2012 |
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7th |
| 105Na | 1975 | 32 | |
| 102Na | 1971 | 1 (museum car) | |
| 4N 1 + 4ND 1 | 1959, 2011 | 2 (museum car) | |
| Total number of cars | 43 | ||
| Share of low-floor vehicles | 18.60% | ||
The fleet currently consists of 48 type 105Na multiple units , which were produced from 1975 to 1990 and have been partially modernized. The delivery of the low-floor PESA Twist (129Nb) began in March 2012 .
During the day, the type 105Na wagons run coupled in double traction , in the evening and at night as a solo car. All trams and buses in Częstochowa have displays for passenger information that show the route, the current and the next stop. In addition, acoustic passenger information is given when approaching the stop with the prefix następny przystanek (next stop), when the stop is reached only the stop name is repeated. At some stops there is also the notice Uwaga na kieszonkowców (beware of pickpockets).
In February or March 2010, the MPK signed a contract with the Marshal's Office for the purchase of seven new trams using co-financing from EU funds. The MPK started the tender on July 19, 2010, until August 31, bids could be submitted. The result of the tender was announced on September 28, 2010. The company PESA from Bydgoszcz will deliver the trains to Częstochowa between April and November 2012. On October 21, the national board of appeal dismissed the unsuccessful companies Solaris and Newag & Končar's actions against the result of the tender. In March 2012, delivery of the new 129Nb trams began.
Historic vehicles
| design type | Purchase date | Shutdown | number |
|---|---|---|---|
| 105Na | 1975-1990 | 2003– | 56 |
| 102Na | 1970-1973 | 1991-2000 | 18th |
| 4N 1 + 4ND | 1959–1961, 2011 | 1970-1988 | 17 + 26 |
Initially the car park tram in Częstochowa from 39 consisted railcars of type 4N with sidecar 4ND. In 1971 there were 45 vehicles, including articulated type 102Na . In 1975 the first eight 105N cars were purchased. Gradually the number of these cars increased so that the older types could be replaced. In 1986 the types 4N and 4ND were retired, in 1999 the type 102Na cars were parked. In addition to the 105s, there is a type 102Na car in the MPK depot as a company car (it will be converted into a museum car in the future) and a type 4N car, which was involved in an accident in 1997 as a company car. It was repaired in 2006 and has been used as a museum car since August 31, 2006. On March 24, 2008, a special trip for tram nostalgics from the United States was carried out, this was repeated on May 26, 2011 in a similar way for German fans. The large orchestra of the Christmas Aid uses the car : the trip is free, and donations are collected for charitable purposes. In 2011 a 4ND sidecar was taken over from Warsaw, which is to serve as a museum car after a renovation.
literature
- Robert Schwandl: Tram Atlas Poland Poland . 1st edition. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-936573-50-3 , pp. 14–17 , chapter Częstochowa (German, English).
Web links
- Official website of the MPK Częstochowa
- Tram to Błeszno - the project's unofficial website
- Association of Local Transport Friends Częstochowa
Individual evidence
- ↑ Outline of the history of public transport in Częstochowa ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 312 kB)
- ↑ a b c d e All good things come in five . In: Gazeta Wyborcza Częstochowa (ed.): Nowa Era Tramwajów . August 31, 2012, pp. 10-11. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
- ↑ Zbigiew Grządzielski: Problems of the Interwar Period in Częstochowa (1918-1939) . In: Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Częstochowy (ed.): Almanach Częstochowy . XV, December 2000, p. 95. ISSN 0860-7362 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Konrad Pruciak, Janusz Karlikowski, Rafał Lamch: Overview of the history of public transport in Częstochowa ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link became automatic used and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 312 kB)
- ↑ a b c Tomasz Haładyj: Street portrait of Armii Krajowej avenue ( pl ) Gazeta.pl Częstochowa. April 27, 2005. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
- ↑ Gazeta Częstochowska No. 010/1959, p. 5 ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 3.2 MB)
- ↑ a b Tomasz Haładyj: 50 years ago the tram in Częstochowa went into operation ( pl ) Gazeta.pl. March 6, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
- ↑ Tender for the construction of the line to Błeszno
- ^ Defeat of the residents in the fight against the tram ( pl ) Dziennik Zachodni. Retrieved on March 30, 2011. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Tomasz Haładyj: This will be the year of the change of the tram ( pl ) Gazeta.pl. S. 1. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
- ↑ Tomasz Haładyj: The city writes out the construction of the tram line ( pl ) Gazeta.pl. S. 1. March 22nd, 2010. Archived from the original on February 6th, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
- ↑ Tomasz Haładyj: tender for the tram to Bleszno awarded ( pl ) p. June 1, 2010. Accessed on September 29, 2012.
- ↑ Tomasz Haładyj: In two years trams will go to Błeszno ( pl ) Gazeta.pl. S. 1. August 24, 2010. Retrieved December 25, 2010.
- ↑ The new tram line. A historic day in Częstochowa! ( pl ) WCzęstochowie. August 31, 2012. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
- ↑ Tomasz Haładyj: Track renewal in Ostatni Grosz ( pl ) Gazeta.pl. S. February 2, 2010. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ↑ Route renewal and great inconvenience
- ↑ Piotr Radolinski: return of trams - December 15, 2011 ( pl ) 1. December 15, 2011. Accessed December 17, 2011th
- ↑ Tomasz Haładyj: Part of Jasnogórskiej Street will be closed from Friday! ( pl ) Gazeta.pl. S. 1. November 3, 2011. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ↑ Tomasz Haładyj: July without the tram: Track work and construction of a new hall at the depot ( pl ) Gazeta.pl Częstochowa. June 29, 2012. Retrieved on August 7, 2012. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Portal 1 + 2 + 3 + ( pl ) CKMKM. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
- ^ A b Adam Świerczyński: The new trams have arrived. You will drive for free! ( pl ) wCzestochowie.pl. March 13, 2012. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
- ↑ Tomasz Haładyj: How many new trams are being bought? . Gazeta.pl. September 29, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
- ↑ Pesa won the tender, but with a different model than Swing
- ↑ Tomasz Haładyj: tram to BŁESZNO: the first rails are ( pl ) Gazeta.pl. S. 1. October 24, 2010. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
- ↑ Picture gallery of the vehicles
- ↑ New historic tram in Częstochowa
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