Toruń tram
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| Basic information | |
| Country | Poland |
| city | Toruń |
| opening | May 16, 1891 |
| electrification | February 1, 1899 |
| operator | MZK Toruń |
| Infrastructure | |
| Route length | 22 km |
| Gauge | 1000 mm ( meter gauge ) |
| Power system | 600 V DC |
| Stops | 44 |
| business | |
| Lines | 5 |
| Line length | 41.4 km |
| vehicles | 58 |
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The Toruń tram has been operating in the Polish city of Toruń (German: Thorn) since 1891 . Today it is operated by the Miejski Zakład Komunikacji Sp. Z oo w Toruniu (MZK Toruń) company. The tram system has a gauge of 1000 millimeters ( meter gauge ).
history
Construction and electrification, history until 1935
Since May 16, 1891, a horse-drawn tram operated in what was then Thorn . It ran from the Bydgoszcz suburb to the city station. Remise and stables were on Schulstrasse (today: Ulica Sienkiewicza). In 1893 550,000 passengers were carried and the company had 21 employees. The horse-drawn tram was built and operated by the Berlin engineering firm Havestadt & Contag until the end of 1898 . Operation was then transferred to the Berlin-based electricity company Felix Singer & Co , which electrified the single-track line in just one and a half months . At the end of 1901, Elektrizitätswerke Thorn took over the license to operate the tram. Line 1 ran through the following streets: Bromberger Straße, Bromberger Thor, Coppernicus-Straße, Heilig-Geist-Straße, Altstädter Markt, Breite Straße, Elisabeth-Straße, Neustädter Markt, Jakobs-Straße, Hermann-Platz (city station).
After electrification, the route network was expanded further. From 1899 line 2 operated and connected the then independent town of Mocker (which was incorporated in 1906) with the center of Thorn. In 1903, the peripheral loop was built that circumnavigated the Bydgoszcz suburb and four years later line 3 was put into operation, which connected the Old Town Market with the Culmer suburb. After the construction of the new road bridge in 1934, line 4 was opened, which connects Toruń with Podgórz (Toruńs district since 1938). In 1934 and 1935, line 5 was built, connecting the Jakubskie and Bydgoskie districts. With a length of 6.3 kilometers, it was the longest line in Toruń. At that time, line 1 was six kilometers long, line 2 was 3.8 kilometers and lines 3 and 4 were about two kilometers long. In 1915 conductors were introduced in the Thorner tram. The constant expansion of the Thorner tram (5 cars in 1899, 18 cars in 1908 and 26 in 1915) was disrupted by the formation of the new Polish state. Due to major financing problems, all tram traffic was suspended for three months in 1921.
After the First World War , new cars were procured. In 1926 the Hamburg plant of Siemens-Schuckertwerke delivered four trams, in 1929 two cars came from the Sanok factory in Zieliewski and in 1935 two from the Gdansk wagon factory. Even so, in 1935 more than half of the cars were from German times (11 of 19).
After the Second World War until 1990
At the end of the Second World War , tram traffic had to be interrupted for six months due to damage to the route network and could be resumed after May 1, 1945. 16 of 19 railcars and 14 sidecars survived the war . First of all, the vehicle fleet was increased by buying used cars from other cities. The oldest car was from 1901, part of it from 1916. From 1958, new cars from the manufacturer Konstal from Chorzów were also purchased, but many Konstal cars were still taken over by cities in which tram traffic had ceased. The used and new Konstal cars formed the basis of the Toruń tram in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1970, tram traffic was removed from the Old Town and routed via the newly built so-called "Little Old Town Ring" (małą obwodnicę staromiejską) along Wały generała Władiysława Sikorskiego and Leona Szumana streets . For a certain time, line 6 existed, which ran from the main train station to the large industrial company Elana in the east of the city.
From 1990 to 2011
Over the decades there have been numerous changes to the Toruń tram network. Some lines were closed, others changed their route. The last line to be shut down was line 5, which connected Elan to the loop on Ulica Olimpijskiej until December 30, 2004. There are currently five daily lines (one temporarily out of service) and one night line (temporarily out of service) on the Toruń tram network.
Further changes in operations came into effect on January 1, 2011. Since then, all courses on line 1 have ended at Ulica Reja (this means that variant 1R has been eliminated). The loop Motoarena has since been approached by line 4. In addition, the frequency was increased: Line 1 ran every 7.5 minutes during rush hour , otherwise every 10 minutes; Line 2 every 15 minutes during peak hours, otherwise every 20 minutes; Line 3 lost its status as a pure HVZ line and now ran between 5 a.m. and 4 p.m., every 20 minutes during peak hours, otherwise every 40 minutes. Line 4 ran at the same time as line 2. There were also changes to the stops. The Waryńskiego stop was canceled, three stops were renamed: the Merinotex loop became Motoarena , Merinotex Zakład was renamed Szosa Bydgoska and the stadium was now called Plac Skalskiego . There were further changes in the route network due to the construction of a new road bridge on the eastern routes. On March 31, 2011, at 10:58 p.m., the last tram ran on Ulica Wschodnia. Due to the closure of the route from Ulica Wschodnia to Plac Daszyńskiego - Rydygiera, line 4 only runs as far as the Wschodnia loop . In connection with the reconstruction of the line to Elana, lines 2 and 3 also did not operate from May 10 to September 30, 2011.
On December 14, 2011, a new line 5 was set up (every 30 minutes on weekdays), which runs between the Olimpijska and Motoarena end loops via Ulica Broniewskiego. In fact, it is a return to the state before January 1, 2011, when line 1 went to the Merinotex loop (current line 5) and the shortened courses 1R ended at Ulica Reja (current line 1).
Investments and plans as of around 2011
This section is out of date and corresponds to the planning status around 2011. More recent plans are currently not available in the German-language Wikipedia.
Investments until 2013
As part of the EU-funded ZPORR projects, the city of Toruń is investing ten million euros in the modernization and expansion of the tram system between 2007 and 2013. The project envisages the following measures:
- Installation of a traffic control system
- Reconstruction and expansion of the traffic lights with priority switching for tram traffic
- Reconstruction of the route network for the use of low-floor railways
- Planning and installation of a passenger information system
- Construction of a new tram route in the residential area Bielany (to UMK University)
- Connection of the tram line to Bielany (to UMK) with the line to Rubinkowo
- Modernization of the Olimpijska loop to connect the new line to Bielany
- Construction of a tram connection to Ulica Alei Solidarności and creation of a traffic junction on this street.
The largest investment is the construction of the new tram route to the campus of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in the Bielany district. On behalf of the city administration, the company WYG International carried out an analysis of the route variants for this route. In the end, it was decided that the new line should branch off from Ulica Broniewskiego into Ulica Sienkiewicza, then run alongside Ulica Gagarina to the intersection with Ulica Krzemieniecką and then end in a loop at Szosa Okrężnej. The new route is almost two kilometers long. Three quarters of the route will run on its own track with turf track . The new line from Plac Teatralnego to the new loop will serve nine stops, including six new ones: Cinema City, 700-lecia , Matejki, Sienkiewicza, Fałata , Od Nowa , Akademiki , UMK (rektorat) , Okrężna . The tenth stop will be the final loop.
In September 2010, the planning and construction of the route were put out to tender. The cheapest offer of 47 million zlotys was made by the Warsaw-based company Budimex . Delivery of the trams for the new route to the university is scheduled to begin in mid-September 2013. The line is to be served by line 1. At the same time, line 4 is to be discontinued due to the construction of the eastern line. Therefore, three lines should then be in operation: Line 1 Olimpijska ↔ UMK (every 5 to 7.5 minutes in peak hours), line 2 Motoarena ↔ Elana (every 10 minutes in peak hours) and line 3 Reja ↔ Wschodnia (every 10 minutes ).
Plans for the period 2013 to 2018
- Extension of the route from the Motoarena loop to Port Drzewny
- Abandonment of the loop on Ulica Wschodnia
- Introduction of a line 3 from the northern edge of the Rubinkowo settlement via the Manhattan market to Ulica Olimpijskiej.
Possible developments after 2018
- Construction of a route to the planned new development area JAR (the most likely variant runs from Plac Niepodległości along the following streets: Aleja 700-lecia Torunia, Szosa Chełmińska, Długa, Legionów, Polna)
- Relocation of the route from Ulica Ślaskiego to Ulica Przy Skarpie
- Closure of the line on Ulica Skłodowskiej-Curie on the eastern section to the Elana loop (instead, the line from the Rubinkowo district to the Wierzbowej street to the Elana loop and on to the Skłodowskiej-Curie street to the Olimpijska loop ) [1]
In addition, the following is planned for an indefinite future:
- Construction of a tram route on the left bank of the Vistula (near the main train station)
- Construction of a new depot at the intersection of Ulica Skłodowskiej-Curie and Ulica Olsztyńskiej
Lines
As of October 27, 2014, establishment of the new line 4 on the tram route to the campus of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in the Bielany district, which opened on June 25, 2014:
| DAY LINES | NIGHT LINE | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 1N |
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vehicles
Line vehicles
Konstal 805Na
The Toruń tram fleet consists of 55 805Na railcars . Most were modernized in the 1990s. The electrical equipment was renewed, the interior was replaced and the third row of seats typical of Toruń was installed. 18 cars were modernized again between 2007 and 2012 and are now referred to as 805NaND.
| year | description | Other cities |
|---|---|---|
| 1990s | Renewal of the interior, driver's desk, replacement of electrical equipment and target indicators | no |
| 2007–2012 | Renewal of the design and renovation of the interior, installation of a passenger information system | As in Łódź , Katowice and Gdansk |
Pesa swing
Since 2014, 17 new low-floor wagons of the Pesa Swing type have been purchased in three versions: 6 three-part 121NbT one-way wagons, six 122NbT five-part one-way wagons and five 122NbT-Duo five-part two-way wagons.
Vehicle history
Before the Second World War, the cars were painted yellow. The line number was shown in a circle on the roof. The front and rear entrances were locked with a chain on which the conductor sold tickets. After the war, the color scheme was changed: red below the lower edge of the window, light cream above. On February 11, 1968 the conductors were abolished and ticket machines with the nickname Krab (German: Krabbe) were installed. In the 1970s, the first articulated multiple units of the type 803N went into operation and for the first time the 805N. This type has been in regular service in Toruń since 1979 and was the only type of wagon in use until 2014. With the modernization to 805NaND, a new color scheme in blue and yellow was introduced; these colors can also be found on the low-floor cars that have been procured since 2014.
Work car
- a snow plow based on a Konstal 5N
- a rail grinding car based on a Konstal 2N
Historic vehicles
Despite the long history of the tram in Toruń, no real historical vehicles have survived. As a replacement, a Konstal 5N was converted into a tourist train in the workshop of the Toruń tram in 1993. It has open platforms. It can be used in regular services in Toruń. Sometimes the historic car runs on a seasonal line in summer (with a special fare). In the summer of 2007 it was set up on Theaterplatz and housed a café. In September 2007 it was placed in the Old Town Market to support Toruń's application for the title of European Capital of Culture 2016. In 2011, however, he finally returned to the depot.
Depots
- The depot has been located at Ulica Sienkiewicza 24/26 (in the Bydgoskie Przedmieście) since the tram began operating
- The construction of a central depot in the Bielawy district has been planned for a long time
literature
- Walczak-Więcławska A., 1986: 95 lat w służbie toruńczyków. Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Toruń. (German about: 95 years in the service of the Toruń people. Public transport in Toruń)
- Robert Schwandl: Tram Atlas Poland Poland . 1st edition. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-936573-50-3 , pp. 96-101 , chapter Toruń (German, English).
Web links
- Official website of the operator MZK Toruń
- Overview of the history of the Toruń tram
- Toruń Local Transport Club
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tramwaje . MZK Toruń . Retrieved on June 12, 2010. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Tramwaje - Toruń . Encyklopedia Krakowskiej Komunikacji . Retrieved June 12, 2010.
- ^ O mieście . torun.rozkladyjazdy.pl . Retrieved June 12, 2010.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Walczak-Więcławska A., 1986: 95 lat w służbie toruńczyków. Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Toruń
- ↑ Walczak-Więcławska A., 1986: 95 years in the service of the Toruń people. Public transport in Toruń (Polish)
- ↑ Data from the MZK Toruń ( Memento of the original from August 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ City of Toruń: Development of the tram system in the period 2007-2013 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Polish)
- ↑ Tram directly to Bielany (Polish)
- ↑ Toruńer Newspaper Nowości ( Memento of the original of July 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Polish)
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