Medlars

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Medlars
Apple-shaped fruits of David's medlar (Photinia davidiana).

Apple-shaped fruits of David's medlar ( Photinia davidiana ).

Systematics
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Spiraeoideae
Tribe : Pyreae
Sub tribus : Pome fruit family (Pyrinae)
Genre : Medlars
Scientific name
Photinia
Lindl.

The Photinia ( Photinia ) are a genus of maloideae (Pyrinae) in the family of the rose family (Rosaceae). The botanical genus name is derived from the Greek word photeinos for shiny and refers to the often shiny leaves.

description

Photinia species form trees with an irregular crown and shrubs that reach heights of 3 to 15 meters. The branches are thorny in many species. Most species are evergreen, but deciduous species are also found. The alternate leaves are simple; depending on the species, their size varies between 3 and 15 cm in length and between 1.5 and 5 cm in width. The leaf margins are smooth or usually slightly serrated. The stipules are often large to leaf-like.

Photinia species form terminal, differently structured, often umbelliferous inflorescences . The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry , five-fold flowers have a slight hawthorn scent and a diameter of 5 to 10 mm. The five green sepals are short. The five petals are often white. There are usually around 20 stamens . Usually two to five (rarely is only one available) carpels are a half under constant ovary grown.

The small apple-shaped fruits with a circumference of 4 to 12 mm are produced in large quantities. They ripen in autumn and often stay on the plant well into winter. The fruits serve as food for birds, which excrete and distribute the seeds with their droppings.

Systematics and distribution

The main distribution area is Asia . About 48 species occur in China, of which about 34 are endemic there .

The classical genus Photinia includes species that occur in the warm part of Asia from the Himalayas to Japan in the east and India and Thailand in the south. However, some botanists also include the closely related North American species Heteromeles arbutifolia (C. Presl) Abrams under the name Photinia arbutifolia . Around six species are often listed as a separate genus Stranvaesia :

  • Stranvaesia amphidoxa C.K.Schneider = Photinia amphidoxa (CKSchneid.) Rehder & EHWilson
  • Stranvaesia davidiana Decaisne = Photinia davidiana (Decne.) Cardot
  • Stranvaesia nussia (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D.Don) Decaisne = Photinia nussia (Buch.-Ham. Ex D.Don) Kalkman
  • Stranvaesia oblanceolata (Rehder & EHWilson) Stapf = Photinia oblanceolata
  • Stranvaesia tomentosa T.T.Yu & TCKu = Photinia tomentosa .

Closely related genera are fire thorn ( Pyracantha ), cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster ) and hawthorn ( Crataegus ).

Synonyms for Photinia Lindl. are Pourthiaea Decne. and Stranvaesia Lindl.

Japanese Loquat ( Photinia glabra )
Photinia integrifolia
Sawblade medlar ( Photinia serratifolia )
Sawblade medlar ( Photinia serratifolia )
Common common wart ( Photinia villosa )

Types (selection)

There are about 66 types:

Evergreen species

  • Photinia amphidoxa (CKSchneid.) Rehder & EHWilson ( Syn .: Stranvaesia amphidoxa C.K. Schneider ): It occurs in China.
  • Photinia arguta Lindl.
  • Photinia benthamiana Hance (Syn .: Stranvaesia benthamiana (Hance) Merr. ): It occurs in China, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.
  • Photinia bodinieri H.Lév.
  • David's medlar , laurel medlar ( Photinia davidiana (Decne.) Cardot , Syn .: Stranvaesia davidiana Decaisne ): Siue occurs in China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Sumatra and Sabah .
  • Photinia davidsoniae Rehder & EHWilson : It occurs in China and Vietnam.
  • Japanese loquat ( Photinia glabra (Thunb.) Franch. & Sav. , Crataegus glabra Thunb. , Syn .: Crataegus glabra Thunb. , Sorbus glabra (Thunb.) Zabel ): It occurs in China, Japan, Thailand and Myanmar.
  • Photinia integrifolia Lindl. : It occurs in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and China.
  • Photinia nussia (Buch.-Ham. Ex D.Don) Kalkman (Syn .: Pyrus nussia Buch.-Ham. Ex D.Don , Stranvaesia glaucescens Lindl. , Stranvaesia nussia (Buch.-Ham. Ex D.Don) Decne. ): It occurs in India, Nepal, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, the Philippines, Xizang and Yunnan .
  • Photinia oblanceolata (Stranvaesia oblanceolata (Rehder & EHWilson) Stapf ),
  • Photinia prionophylla (Franch.) CKSchneid. (Syn .: Eriobotrya prionophylla Franch. ): It occurs in the Chinese province of Yunnan .
  • Sawblade medlar ( Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman , Syn .: Photinia serrulata auct.): It occurs in India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, Taiwan and China.
  • Photinia tomentosa ( Stranvaesia tomentosa T.T.Yu & TCKu )

Deciduous species

  • Photinia beauverdiana C.K. Schneid. : It occurs in China, Bhutan, Vietnam and Taiwan.
  • Photinia glomerata Rehder & EHWilson (Syn .: Photinia franchetiana Diels ): It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Hubei , Sichuan and Yunnan .
  • Photinia parvifolia (E. Pritz.) CKSchneid. (Syn .: Pourthiaea parvifolia E. Pritz . ): It occurs in China and Taiwan.
  • Warts-Glanzmispel or warty Photinia ( Photinia villosa .. (Thunb) DC , Syn .: Crataegus villosa Thunb. , Photinia villosa var. Longipes . Ined, Pourthiaea villosa .. (Thunb) Decne , Pourthiaea villosa var. Longipes Nakai ): You occurs in China, Japan and Korea.

The following no longer belong to the genus Photinia :

use

The fruits of some types are eaten raw or cooked. Plant parts of some species are used medicinally. Parts of plants are used for dyeing. The branches of individual species are draped with fruit and are used as Christmas decorations. The very hard wood of some types is used, for example to make furniture.

Ornamental trees

Inflorescence with nailed petals of a bush-shaped ornamental variety
Variety 'Red Robin'

Some species of Photinia and hybrids are popular ornamental shrubs because of their fruits and leaves . There are numerous varieties and hybrids, some of which are specially planted for the bright red leaves they have in spring and summer. Common varieties are:

  • Fraser's medallion ( Photinia × fraseri Dress = Photinia glabra × Photinia serratifolia ) is evergreen:
    • Photinia × fraseri 'Red Robin'
    • Photinia × fraseri 'Camilvy'
    • Photinia × fraseri 'Curly Fantasy'
    • Photinia × fraseri 'Cassini' ('Pink Marble' ™)
  • David's medlar ( Photinia davidiana , trade name: "Lorbeermispel / Stranvaesia"):
    • Photinia davidiana 'Palette' (origin unknown)
    • Photinia davidiana 'Fructu Luteo' (yellow fruits)
    • Photinia davidiana 'Prostrata' (a slow growing variety)
  • Photinia nussia (trade name: "Glanzmispel")
  • Photinia 'Redstart' ( Photinia davidiana × Photinia × fraseri )

Diseases

Fire blight

As a pome fruit family, Photinia species are at great risk from infestation with fire blight and some species are among the main host groups.

The production and marketing of Photinia davidiana ("Lorbeermispel / Stranvaesia") and Photinia nussia ("Glanzmispel") has been banned in Switzerland since May 1, 2002.

swell

In the Flora of China, Stranvaesia is still a genus of its own:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Photinia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  2. ↑ Entry in Plants for a Future. (engl.)
  3. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica: The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .
  4. ↑ Plant diseases - fire blight - home garden. ACW, archived from the original on April 13, 2009 ; Retrieved April 26, 2008 .

Web links

Commons : Medlars ( Photinia )  - collection of images, videos and audio files