Streptomyces achromogenes

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Streptomyces achromogenes
Systematics
Department : Actinobacteria
Order : Actinomycetales
Subordination : Streptomycineae
Family : Streptomycetaceae
Genre : Streptomyces
Type : Streptomyces achromogenes
Scientific name
Streptomyces achromogenes
( Okami and Umezawa 1953)
Subspecies
  • Streptomyces achromogenes subsp. achromogenic
  • Streptomyces achromogenes subsp. rubradiris

Streptomyces achromogenes is a thread-like, immobile, gram-positive and aerobic bacterium of the genus Streptomyces . The type strain Streptomyces achromogenes subsp. achromogenes (ATCC 12767) wasisolatedfrom garden soil in the Tokyo district of Suginami in 1953 by Yoshiro Okami and Hamao Umezawa , the discoverers of kanamycin and bleomycin . Different strains of Streptomyces achromogenes produce a number of substances and enzymes that are important in medicine as chemotherapeutic agents and in molecular biology research as restriction endonucleases .

Morphology and physiology

Streptomyces achromogenes is thread-like and immobile, as well as gram-positive and aerobic , and belongs to risk group 1 . Streptomyces achromogenes can use glucose , arabinose , mannitol , fructose , rhamnose and cellulose as carbon sources. It is able to liquefy gelatine , utilize citrate and produce hydrogen sulfide . In addition, it has a urease , a dihydrolase for arginine , a β-galactosidase and decarboxylases for ornithine and lysine , and is positive for the Voges-Proskauer reaction . The optimal temperature for cultivation is 28 ° C on GYM medium .

meaning

Various strains of Streptomyces achromogenes produce, among other things, the substance streptozocin , which is used in cancer therapy and in experimental diabetes research due to its beta cell toxicity , the antibiotics sarcidin , rubradirin and tomaymycin, and the antiviral compound achromoviromycin . The type II restriction enzymes ( EC 3.1.21.4 ) SacI and SacII as well as SacNI , an isoschizomer of BanII from Bacillus aneurinolyticus , are also derived from Streptomyces achromogenes , which are used in molecular biology research .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Victor BD Skerman, Vicki McGowan, Peter HA Sneath: Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. In: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 30/1980. Society for General Microbiology, pp. 225-420 (especially p. 369), ISSN  0020-7713
  2. ↑ JSCC: JCM 4121 - Streptomyces achromogenes subsp. achromogenes Okami and Umezawa 1953 (accessed August 22, 2010)
  3. ↑ DSMZ: DSM 40028 - Streptomyces achromogenes subsp. achromogenes Okami and Umezawa 1953 ( Memento of December 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on August 22, 2010)
  4. ↑ a b c d Joachim M. Wink: Streptomyces achromogenes subsp. achromogenes (PDF; 142 kB) In: Compendium of Actinobacteria Electronic Resource ( PDF file , approx. 140KB; accessed on August 22, 2010)
  5. ↑ James J. Vavra, Clarence DeBoer, Alma Dietz, Ladislav J. Hanka, Walter T. Sokolski: Streptozotocin, a new Antibacterial Antibiotic. In: Antibiotics Annual. 7/1959. Medical Encyclopedia Inc., pp. 230-235, ISSN  0570-3131
  6. ↑ Tomio Takeuchi, Kazuo Nitta, Hamao Umezawa: On an Antibiotic, Sarcidin, produced by Streptomyces n. Sp. S. achromogenes. In: Journal of Antibiotics . 6 (1) / 1953, pp. 31/32.
  7. ↑ Bijoy K. Bhuyan, Stanley P. Owen, Alma Dietz: Rubradirin, a new Antibiotic. I. Fermentation and Biological Properties. In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy . 10/1964. American Society for Microbiology , pp. 91-96, ISSN  0066-4804
  8. ↑ Kei Arima, Masanobu Kohsaka, Gakuzo Tamura, Hiroshi Imanaka, Heiichi Sakai: Studies on Tomaymycin, a new Antibiotic. I Isolation and Properties of Tomaymycin. In: Journal of Antibiotics. 25 (8) / 1972. Japan Antibiotics Research Association, pp. 437-444, ISSN  0021-8820
  9. ↑ Hamao Umezawa, Tomio Takeuchi, Yoshiro Okami, Tadakatsu Tazaki: On Screening of Antiviral Substances produced by Streptomyces and on an Antiviral Substance Achromoviromycin. In: Japanese Journal of Medical Science & Biology. 6 (3) / 1953. Kokuritsu Yobo Eisei Kenkyujo, pp. 261-268, ISSN  0021-5112
  10. ↑ Richard J. Roberts: Restriction and Modification Enzymes and their Recognition Sequences. In: Nucleic Acids Research . 13/1985 (supplementary volume). Oxford University Press, pp. R165-r200, ISSN  0305-1048
  11. ↑ Sylwia M. Rutkowskaa, Piotr M. Skowrona, Krzysztof Bielawskib, Anna J. Podhajska: SacNI, an Isoschizomer of BanII isolated from Streptomyces achromogenes recognizes the 5′-GRGCY / C sequence. In: Genes. 157 (1-2) / 1995. Elsevier, pp. 319/320, ISSN  0378-1119

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