Succinivibrionaceae
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The Succinivibrionaceae are a family of bacteria in the order Aeromonadales .
features
Appearance
They are rod-shaped bacteria. The cells can be straight, slightly curved, or spiral. The spiral-shaped rod cells of Anaerobiospirillum can reach a length of up to 32 µm, normal sizes of this genus are between 0.6 and 0.8 µm in width and between 3 and 15 µm in length. The genus Ruminobacter is not mobile ( motil ), other genera have flagella for locomotion, e.g. B. has anaerobiospirillum at both ends (bipolar) tufts of flagella. The cell ends of the rods of Succinivibrio are pointed.
Endospores are not formed. The Gram test is negative, the family is one of the Proteobacteria .
metabolism
All representatives are chemo-organotrophic , photosynthesis does not take place. They are strictly anaerobic , so they do not tolerate oxygen. Carbohydrates such as B. glucose , are fermented to succinate ( anion of succinic acid) and acetate (anion of acetic acid ) . Nitrate is not reduced. The catalase test is negative.
Chemotaxonomy
The GC content , ie the proportion of the nucleobases guanine and cytosine in the DNA , is in the range of 39-44 mol percent . The fatty acids found in the membrane lipids are mainly molecules with an even number of carbon atoms and no double bonds ( saturated fatty acids , 35–66%) or double bonds ( unsaturated fatty acids , 19–59%). In addition, there are also saturated fatty acids with a hydroxy group , with the abbreviations 3-OH-C16: 0 (3-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid) and 3-OH-C18: 0 (3-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid), their proportion is 4-11 %. Branched-chain fatty acids , cyclopropane fatty acids or fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms do not occur.
Pathogenicity
Anaerobiospirillum thomasii is pathogenic to humans and causes diarrhea.
Systematics
The Succinivibrionaceae family is in the order of the Aeromonadales . This order in turn belongs to the class of the Gammaproteobacteria . The family was first described in 1999 by Hans Hippe , a German microbiologist . The following genera are known (as of January 24, 2019):
- Anerobiospirillum Davis et al. 1976 emend. Malnick 1997
- Ruminobacter (ex Sijpesteijn 1949) Stackebrandt & Hippe 1987
- Succinatimonas Morotomi et al. 2010
- Succinimonas Bryant et al. 1958
- Succinivibrio Bryant & Small 1956
Succinivibrio is the type genus of the family. The name of this genus, as well as the name of the family, refers to the fermentation product succinate and the appearance of the cells, vibrare from Latin means "moving quickly back and forth" or "vibrating". At the same time Vibrio the name of a bacterial genus in which the curved shape of the cells is typical.
Occurrence
The so far discovered representatives of the Succinivibrionaceae were isolated from the rumen of sheep and cattle or the feces of humans, cats and dogs . Anaerobiospirillum has been detected in the large intestine ( colon ) of dogs.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Hans Hippe, Anja Hagelstein, Ina Kramer, Jolantha Swiderski, Erko Stackebrandt : Phylogenetic analysis of Formivibrio citricus, Propionivibrio dicarboxylicus, Anaerobiospirillum thomasii, Succinimonas amylolytica and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvensivin and proposal of Succinivibrio dextrinosolvensiv. nov. In: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume 49, No. 2, April 1999, pp. 779-782, ISSN 0020-7713 . doi : 10.1099 / 00207713-49-2-779 . PMID 10319502 .
- ↑ a b c d e George Garrity, Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg, James R. Staley (Eds.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria . 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag, New York 2005, ISBN 978-0-387-24144-9 .
- ^ A b Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Family Succinivibrionaceae. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved January 24, 2019 .