Sungai Paitan

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Paitan
Paitan with source and tributaries (dark blue coloring)

Paitan with source and tributaries (dark blue coloring)

Data
location Sabah , Borneo , Malaysia
River system Paitan
source in the north of Sabah
muzzle Schomburgk Bay, Sulu Sea Coordinates: 6 ° 33 ′ 21 "  N , 117 ° 28 ′ 3"  E 6 ° 33 ′ 21 "  N , 117 ° 28 ′ 3"  E
Mouth height 0  m

Small towns Paitan
Sungai Paitan at the bridge in Kg.Tigawe, Paitan

Sungai Paitan at the bridge in Kg.Tigawe, Paitan

The Paitan ( mal. Sungai Paitan ) or Paitan River is a river in the Malaysian state of Sabah on Borneo . It rises in the north of Sabah and runs to the confluence with the Schomburgk Bay, which in turn belongs to the Sulu Sea . The confluence with Schomburgk Bay is one of the largest mangrove forest systems in Sabah.

history

The banks of the Paitan are an old settlement area of ​​the orang sungai , who traded from here with the Sultanate of Sulu. They mainly collected camphor , tortoiseshell and the bark of the cinnamon cassia , and they also traded beeswax, rattan and rice. The hills along the Paitan were thickly overgrown with camphor trees. The extremely high quality of the camphor from this area of ​​North Borneo was known all over the world. Since camphor was abundant in the area, it could also be purchased from the traders at reasonable prices. In 1814 the orang sungai exchanged camphor for salt in a ratio of 1: 1. While only a few Taosug traders visited the Paitan river basin in 1760, half a century later there were already three larger trading posts, Pitan, Kinarubatan and Kulepan. Forty years later, Spenser St. John noted: "You can find about a thousand Mohammedans here ... and the Ida'an inland are as numerous as the leaves on the trees."

After the Mat Salleh rebellion was put down , there were minor outbreaks of violence in various parts of northern Borneo in the following years. One of the rebels, a village head named Musah, set fire to the village of Paitan with his supporters in 1908 and for years eluded all attempts to get hold of him. Maxwell Hall memorialized Musah in his work Musah of Paitan River .

fauna

In addition to the Kinabatangan , the Paitan is a preferred habitat for crocodiles. However, increased activities by humans on the river, such as use for rafting and fishing, have strongly pushed back the crocodiles living there.

Web links

Commons : Sungai Paitan  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Romulus Whitacker: Preliminary Survey of Crocodiles in Sabah, East Malaysia (PDF file; 10.05 MB), WWF Malaysia, July 1984
  2. ↑ James Warren: The Sulu Zone 1768-1898: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery and Ethnicity in the Transformation of a South East Asian Maritime State ; Singapore Univ. Press, Singapore, 1981, pp. 80, 93-94, ISBN 978-997-1693-862
  3. ^ Matthias Christian Sprengel: Contributions to ethnology and geography , Volume 2, Verlag Weygand, 1782
  4. ^ A b J. Hunt: "Sketch of Borneo or Sulo Kalamantan, Communicated by J. Hunt Esq. In 1812, to the Honorable Sir TS Raffles, Late Lieut. Governor of Java" in: Notices of the Indian Archipelago and Adjacent Countries , ed. by JH Moor. London: Cass, 1967, p. 29
  5. ↑ Memoir of the Sooloogannan Dominion and Commerce , February 26, 1761 PRO, Egremont Papers, 30/47/20/1
  6. ^ Spenser St. John: Life in the Forests of the Far East , London: Smith Elder & Co., 1862, Volume 1, p. 398
  7. ↑ KG Tregonning: A History of Modern Sabah (North Borneo from 1881 to 1963) , 2nd edition, University of Malaya Press, Kuala Lumpur, 1965, reprint 1967, page 208
  8. ^ Maxwell Hall: Musah of Paitan River , North Borneo and Sabah Times, 1955

Remarks

  1. ↑ In the Geographical-Statistical Dictionary by JGH Hassel from 1817 Paitan is described as "Asiatic. Bai and Fl. On the coast of Borneo, where a large amount of camphor is brought to market, which is why European merchants often stop here" .