Rough comfrey

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Rough comfrey
Rough Comfrey (Symphytum asperum)

Rough Comfrey ( Symphytum asperum )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Subfamily : Boraginoideae
Tribe : Boragineae
Genre : Comfrey ( Symphytum )
Type : Rough comfrey
Scientific name
Symphytum asperum
Lepech.

The rough comfrey ( Symphytum asperum ), also called Caucasus Comfrey , is a species of plant from the genus Comfrey ( Symphytum ) within the predatory family (Boraginaceae). The original distribution area is in the Caucasus region .

description

Stalked, simple, hairy leaf
Inflorescence with initially reddish and later blue corollas
The inflorescence is a double wrap

Appearance and foliage leaf

The rough comfrey is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 100 to 180 centimeters. The "rhizome" grows upright. The relatively strong, branched stem has spiky plant hairs sitting on conspicuous humps, bent downwards, laterally flattened ( indument ).

The alternate arranged on the stem leaves are usually stalked and top sitting . They are not sloping and not encompassing the stalk . The simple leaf blades are ovate to oblong with wedge-shaped to rounded or slightly heart-shaped base and entire margins . They are densely bristly and prickly hairy , at least next to the midrib . Stipules are absent.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

A few flowers form a terminal inflorescence in the form of a double coil . Bracts are not formed.

The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused on a quarter to a third of their entire length from 3 to 6 millimeters. The five calyx teeth are lanceolate with a blunt upper end. The five 11 to 20 millimeter long petals are fused together to form a bell-shaped crown, which is initially pink to carmine red and then lively sky blue to blue. In the corolla tube there are five tongue-shaped coronet scales, slightly widened at the base, with narrow, cylindrical-cone-shaped glands close to the edge. There is only one circle with five stamens . The slightly narrower stamens are about the same length as the anthers and the connective does not grow beyond the counter.

There are Klaus fruits formed the rough into four, reticulated wrinkled up pitted and finely warty part fruits, Klausen called decay.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32, 36 or 40.

Dissemination and use

Rough comfrey is originally common in northeastern Turkey , northern Iran and the Caucasian states of Armenia , Azerbaijan , Georgia and the Russian Republic of Dagestan . The rough comfrey is a naturalized neophyte in all of Europe except in the southernmost Mediterranean regions .

In Austria it is possibly still grown today as a forage crop and is rarely found locally in Salzburg and perhaps in Carinthia .

It was introduced as a fodder plant, especially for pigs, and as an ornamental plant in the 16th century. The rough comfrey is sometimes feral and naturalized in Central Europe as a neophyte in societies of the Arction Association.

Systematics

The first description of Symphytum asperum was made in 1805 by Ivan Lepyokhin in Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae , Volume 14, page 442, Table 7. synonyms for Symphytum asperum Lepech. are Symphytum asperrimum Sims , Symphytum armeniacum Buckn. and Symphytum asperum var. armeniacum ( Buckn. ) Kurtto .

The rough comfrey is together with the real comfrey ( Symphytum officinale ) parent of the following hybrids :

  • Food comfrey ( Symphytum × uplandicum Nyman )
  • Symphytum × norvicense Leaney & CLO'Reilly

swell

literature

  • Bogumil Pawłowski: Symphytum. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 103-104 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search - Key to Symphytum and description of Symphytum asperum , from the unmodified reprint from 2010 ( ISBN 978-0-521-15368-3 )).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Symphytum asperum Lepech., Rauer Comfrey. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 695 .
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  787 .
  4. ^ A b Symphytum asperum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
  5. ↑ a b Details for: Symphytum asperum. In: The Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, January 2011, accessed on January 15, 2012 (English).
  6. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  7. ↑ a b Symphytum asperum Lepech. Plant name details. In: IPNI - The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved January 15, 2012 .

Web links

Commons : Rauer Beinwell ( Symphytum asperum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files