Syssola
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Syssola Сысола |
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 Course of the Syssola in the southeast of the catchment area of the Northern Dvina |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 03020200112103000018563 | |
| location | Kirov Oblast , Komi Republic ( Russia ) | |
| River system | Northern Dvina | |
| Drain over | Wytschegda → Northern Dvina → White Sea | |
| source |
North Russian ridge 59 ° 55 ′ 53 ″ N , 51 ° 49 ′ 42 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 220 m | |
| muzzle |
Wytschegda coordinates: 61 ° 41 ′ 19 ″ N , 50 ° 50 ′ 31 ″ E 61 ° 41 ′ 19 ″ N , 50 ° 50 ′ 31 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | 77 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 143 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.29 ‰ | |
| length | 487 km | |
| Catchment area | 17,200 km² | |
| Discharge at the gauge Koigorodok A Eo : 4160 km² Location: 318 km above the mouth |
MNQ 1958/1988 MQ 1958/1988 Mq 1958/1988 MHQ 1958/1988 |
12 m³ / s 39 m³ / s 9.4 l / (s km²) 159 m³ / s |
| Discharge at the Perwomaiski A Eo gauge : 11,700 km² Location: 138 km above the mouth |
MNQ 1964/1999 MQ 1964/1999 Mq 1964/1999 MHQ 1964/1999 |
31 m³ / s 105 m³ / s 9 l / (s km²) 448 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Kom , Tybju , Bolshaya Wisinga , Malaya Wisinga | |
| Right tributaries | Nydym , Lepju , Poinga | |
| Big cities | Syktyvkar | |
| Navigable | 323 km | |
The 487 km long Syssola ( Russian Сысола , Komi Сыктыв , Syktyw ) is a left tributary of the Vytschegda in the northeast of the European part of Russia .
course
The Syssola rises almost 220 m above sea level on the northern flank of the North Russian Ridge (Severnyje Uwaly) in the extreme north of the Kirov Oblast, about 70 kilometers northwest of the city of Kirs . It initially flows through the mostly densely forested area in a predominantly north-westerly direction and soon reaches the territory of the Komi Republic . At the mouth of larger tributary Bolshaya Wisinga , the river turns north-northeasterly direction and keeps them up to the confluence with the Vychegda, the largest right tributary of the Northern Dvina , in the big city and capital of the Komi Republic Syktyvkar in which since 1930 after the Komi -Name of the river is named (for example "City on Syktyw"; the earlier Russian name Syssolskoje , later Ust-Syssolsk , was derived from the Russian river name, where ust from ustje stands for "estuary").
The most important tributaries apart from the Bolshaya Wisinga are Nydym , Lepju and Poinga from the right, and Kom , Tybju , and Malaja (Kleine) Wisinga from the left. In the lower reaches, the Syssola is up to 200 m wide and 2 m deep in places; the flow velocity here is 0.5 m / s.
Hydrography
The catchment area covers 17,200 km². At Pervomaiski, 138 km above the mouth and below the confluence of the Bolshaya Wisinga, the mean flow rate is 105 m³ / s with a minimum of 31.5 m³ / s in March and a maximum of 448 m³ / s in May.
The Syssola freezes between late October / November and late April / early May; the following spring flood lasts until June.
Economy and Infrastructure
The Syssola is navigable for 323 kilometers from the village of Koigorodok to the mouth.
The catchment area of the river is generally sparsely populated. Apart from the town of Syktywkar at the mouth, there are no large towns directly on the river, but there are many small villages upstream to the upper middle reaches. From the confluence of the Bolshaya Wisinga, where the Wisinga settlement is located a few kilometers up , to Syktywkar, the "Vyatka" road follows the left bank of the river at some distance. At Syktywkar near the estuary, the road to Krasnosatonski and further up the Wytschegda crosses the Syssola on a bridge.
The entire area of the Syssola is mainly used for forestry. For this purpose, various railway lines were built from the 1930s: from the south a broad-gauge line in the Kirov Oblast, which reaches the upper reaches of the Syssola with its branches, as well as a number of narrow-gauge railways ( gauge 750 mm) from various villages on the Syssola to the logging areas in the hinterland, such as Perwomaiski, Saoserje, Pods and Koigorodok. These railways had a maximum total length of several hundred kilometers and are still in operation on shorter sections today.
During the construction of the railway and logging in this area, especially between the 1930s and 1950s, prisoners from the Gulag prison camps were used on a large scale , such as the SewLag ("North Camp") with administration in Syktywkar and the VjatLag (" Vjatka Camp") ) with administration in Rudnichny , Kirov Oblast.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Article Syssola in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b Syssola in the State Water Register of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- ↑ Syssola at the Koigorodok gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
- ↑ a b Syssola at the Perwomaiski gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
- ↑ List of Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation (confirmed by Order No. 1800 of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2002)
- ↑ Narrow-gauge railways of the Komi Republic in the narrow-gauge railway encyclopedia "Mladschi Brat" (Russian)
- ↑ SewLag on the GULAG website of Memorial Deutschland e. V.
- ↑ WjatLag on the GULAG website of Memorial Deutschland e. V.