Turkish administration of Cyprus
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Turkish Administration of Cyprus Kıbrıs Türk Yönetimi |
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| Official language | Turkish | ||||
| Form of government | Presidential system | ||||
| Head of government and head of government |
Fazıl Küçük 1967–1973 Rauf Denktaş 1973–1974 |
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| founding | December 28, 1967 | ||||
| resolution | 22nd August 1974 | ||||
The Turkish Administration of Cyprus ( Turkish Kıbrıs Türk Yönetimi ), until April 21, 1971 also Provisional Turkish Administration of Cyprus (VTVZ) ( Turkish Kıbrıs Geçici Türk Yönetimi ), was a Turkish administration on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, which until the establishment of the Turkish Autonomous Administration existed in Cyprus .
The administration served to unite the Turkish enclaves on the island under one central leadership.
geography
There were a total of 39 enclaves scattered across the island. Well-known enclaves were the Turkish part of the capital Nicosia, today's North Nicosia , parts around Kyrenia (Girne), Kokkina (Erenköy) and Galatia (Mehmetçik).
The enclaves were divided into ten districts (so-called sancak, referring to Ottoman traditions). These were Lefkoşa, Serdarlı, Mağusa, Larnaka, Limasol, Baf, Yeşilırmak, Erenköy, Lefke and Boğaz. Each sancak had a governor (so-called sancaktar ).
history
As a result of the clashes and fighting between the Cypriot Turks and the Cypriot Greeks , more than 25,000 Cypriot Turks, about a quarter of the ethnic group, fled their settlement areas and concentrated in 39 Turkish enclaves. These enclaves were spread all over the island and made up 4% of the national territory of the Republic of Cyprus . Important enclaves were the Turkish part of the capital Nicosia ( Turkish Lefkoşa ), some areas around the coastal city of Kyrenia , where 650 Turkish soldiers were stationed according to the guarantee agreement of 1960. In mid-1964, 60% of all Cypriot Turks lived in these enclaves. The Turkish Cypriot leadership was planning to set up an administration after the clashes of 1963 . A postal administration was established on January 7, 1964, and a police administration two days later, on January 9, 1964. On December 29, 1963, a Turkish radio station called "Voice of the Turkish-Cypriot Fighters" was put into operation. The leadership of the Cypriot Turks consisted of the Vice President of the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Ministers of the Republic of Cyprus. Ordinances have only been made under the laws of the Republic of Cyprus and decisions have only been made under those laws. Parallel political, administrative, legal, economic, social and military institutions were established. Turkey provided approximately $ 25 million annually to finance salaries, pensions, social expenses and public services.
On December 28, 1967, the Turkish Provisional Administration of Cyprus was finally proclaimed. The Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey was present during the proclamation. President was Fazıl Küçük appointed his representative was Rauf Denktash . The administration had a constitution that comprised 19 paragraphs. The first paragraph read: "All Turks who live in the Turkish territories are assigned to the Provisional Turkish Administration of Cyprus until all provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus of August 16, 1960 are reapplied." at least in fact - ended on the part of the Cypriot Turks.
A parliament of 30 members was established. Jurisprudence was assigned to the independent Turkish courts (as well as a constitutional court) and the government to the administrative council. This was responsible for all state tasks as well as for defense and foreign affairs.
On April 21, 1971 the attribute "provisional" was removed from the name and it was only called Turkish Administration of Cyprus . On February 18, 1973 Rauf Denktaş was appointed President of the Administration.
On July 15, 1974, there was a military coup against the President of the Republic of Cyprus. As a result, Turkish forces intervened on July 20, 1974 and occupied 3% of the territory of the Republic of Cyprus in the first phase of Operation Atilla . After the failed peace talks in Geneva , the Turkish armed forces began to advance further on August 13, 1974. On August 14th they arrived in the Turkish part of Nicosia and occupied it. On August 15, the troops arrived in Lefke and Famagusta and ended their advance. This reached the so-called Atilla line .
On August 22, 1974, after a ceasefire agreement between the Cypriot Turks and the Greek Cypriots was concluded, the Turkish administration of Cyprus was dissolved and the Turkish Autonomous Administration was established in Cyprus .
politics
status
The Turkish administration of Cyprus did not see itself as a sovereign state, so the question of international recognition was not acute. The Government of the Republic of Cyprus stated that the establishment of the Turkish Administration of Cyprus was manifestly illegal and informed diplomatic representatives of other states in Cyprus that any contact with the President of the Turkish Administration of Cyprus would be incompatible. Only the President of the Republic of Cyprus is the rightful President of the entire island.
Both the Turkish Cypriot leadership and Turkey declared that the Turkish administration of Cyprus was merely a reorganization of already existing Turkish administrative structures and was acting within the framework of the constitution of the Republic of Cyprus. It is not intended to divide the island or to create a Turkish state on the island.
Domestic politics
The Turkish Administration of Cyprus had its own parliament, which was later renamed the “Legislative Assembly of the Turkish Autonomous Administration in Cyprus” after the establishment of the Turkish Autonomous Administration in Cyprus . This consisted of 30 MPs who had to belong to the Turkish ethnic group.
Foreign policy
In April 1972 a diplomatic mission was opened in Ankara , the capital of Turkey . Even if one could not speak of two states on the island at that time, there were in fact two different state structures on the island.
military
The Turkish administration of Cyprus had its own army, which was commanded by Turkish officers. There was general conscription for Turkish men, regardless of where they lived.
literature
- Stefan Talmon : Collective non-recognition of illegal states. Basics and legal consequences of an internationally coordinated sanction, illustrated using the example of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (= Jus publicum. Volume 154). Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2006, pp. 32-34.
Web links
- Information on former Turkish administrations in Cyprus (Turkish)
- Information about Turkish Cypriot history (English)