Taipei 101
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Taipei 101 (English Taipei 101 ) Taipei World Financial Center |
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| Basic data | |
| Place: | Taipei , Taiwan |
| Construction time : | 1999-2004 |
| Status : | Built |
| Architectural style : | Asian |
| Architect : | CY Lee & Partners |
| Use / legal | |
| Usage : | office |
| Technical specifications | |
| Height : | 508 m |
| Height to the top: | 508 m |
| Height to the roof: | 448 m |
| Rank (height) : | 10th place (world) 1st place (Taiwan and Taipei) |
| Floors : | 101 |
| Elevators : | 61 |
| Usable area : | 412,500 m² |
| Building material : | Structure: steel , reinforced concrete ; Facade: glass , aluminum |
| Building-costs: | 1.6 billion euros |
Taipei Financial Center , Taipei 101 for short(English Taipei 101 , pronounced " […] one-o-one "; Chinese 台北 101 , Pinyin Táiběi yīlíngyī ), is the name of a skyscraper in Taipei , the capital of Taiwan (Republic of China) . It is the tallest building in Taiwan and currently the tenth tallest building in the world. From 2004 to 2007 it was the tallest building in the world.
description
The Taipei 101 was the tallest skyscraper in the world (without antennas or masts) until it was replaced in early 2007 by the shell of the Burj Khalifa , which reached its final height of 828 meters in early 2009. At 508 meters, Taipei 101 (named after its 101 floors) towers high above the city's skyline . In addition to the 101 floors above ground, there are five underground floors. With the highest accessible floor, the building replaced the Willis Tower (previously called Sears Tower ) in Chicago , completed in 1974 , but the Willis Tower is 19 meters higher thanks to its antenna with a total of 527 meters.
Because the Burj Khalifa has mixed uses (apartments, a hotel and offices), Taipei 101 remained the tallest office building in the world . Since the construction of the One World Trade Center in New York City in 2014, it has been the second tallest office building in the world and the fifth tallest skyscraper in the world.
The official inauguration took place on New Year's Eve 2004; on May 1, 2003, the President of Taiwan celebrated the construction of the top floor. The first tenants had already moved into the lowest floors.
The inner viewing deck is on the 89th floor; There is also an exit on the 91st floor. Taiwan's largest shopping mall is located at the foot of the skyscraper.
Until 2013 the building had the fastest elevators in the world. Visitors are brought to the 89th floor at around 16.8 m / s (60 km / h), and back at around 10 m / s (36 km / h). Each elevator cost around $ 2 million. Since 2013, the Shanghai Tower has had the fastest elevators with a speed of 64.8 km / h.
construction
Basement floors 2 to 5 are intended for supply tasks. This includes parking spaces for 1,839 cars and 2990 scooters. Shops and recreational facilities are located on levels 1 and 6. Levels 7 to 84 house offices, 86 to 88 restaurants, 89, 91 and 101 viewing areas and 92 to 100 telecommunications facilities . On the 88th to 92nd floors, a steel ball with a diameter of 5 m is suspended from steel cables as a vibration damper. It has oil-hydraulic damping elements and weighs 660 t. There are also two 4.5 t dampers in the antenna, these reduce vibrations that can lead to fatigue in the construction.
The building stands on a foundation made of 9,000 tons of steel and 35,000 tons of concrete, which rest on 557 concrete pillars. The building is supported by two columns at each corner, 3 m long and 2.6 m wide. These pillars are made of steel (hollow) that is internally reinforced and filled with concrete. They reach up to level 67. Higher the pillars are made of steel. The rigidity of the construction is achieved by 16 transverse and longitudinal struts, which are drawn in every 8th floor. They form a two-story checkerboard pattern with nine fields.
Viewing platforms
Elevators above the shopping center take visitors to the 89th level. Access to the outdoor platform on the 91st level is via a staircase. Access to the viewing platform depends on the wind and weather conditions. The slimmer upper part of the building and the real tip are not accessible to visitors.
Risks
At Taiwan, the Eurasian and Filipino tectonic plates meet, making Taiwan one of the most active earthquake regions in the world, with over 4,000 earthquakes a year. In addition, up to nine typhoons race over the island nation every year . In order for the building to withstand these loads, the supporting structure of a bamboo tube was modeled.
Between the 88th and 92nd floors there is a 660 ton gold-plated steel ball made of individual disks with a diameter of 5.5 m, which counteracts the fluctuations in the building with oil-hydraulic damping elements. The maximum acceleration in storms is roughly halved by the damper. Suspended on steel ropes as thick as an arm, it is currently the largest and only publicly accessible damper pendulum (vibration damper) in the world. Two further dampers, each weighing 4.5 tons, are located in the antenna construction. They are designed to reduce vibrations that lead to fatigue in the steel structure.
In order to increase the fire resistance, all pillars of the building were encased with fire-resistant special foam. A competition swimming pool could be filled two and a half times with the extinguishing water in the building (corresponds to about 6,250,000 liters of water).
earthquake
The largest emergency to be assumed is a severe earthquake that can occur in Taipei about every five years. The task here is to evacuate around 10,000 people in an orderly manner from the skyscraper.
On March 31, 2002, an earthquake measuring 7.1 ( magnitude ) struck the east coast of Taiwan with the epicenter 110 km southeast of Taipei. Two construction cranes fell from the 56th floor. Five people died, the two crane drivers and motorists whose cars were hit by the parts of the building. The entire statics of the building were then checked, but no damage was found in the basic structure . Construction continued six months later.
The earthquake on December 19, 2009 shortly after 9 p.m. local time did not cause any damage.
Construction according to tradition
The pagoda-like design of the building is based on Chinese tradition. For example, 8, a Chinese lucky number, was picked up over and over again. The Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai is also constructed according to the shape of the 8. In addition, the building was built according to the Feng Shui theory. According to the traditional Chinese understanding, tenants are thus protected from negative influences. In addition, Chinese lucky coins that can be seen oversized on the facade of the building are supposed to protect against bad business. Furthermore, the design should be reminiscent of a bamboo .
The chief architect of the building is Chang Yong Lee . The German company Josef Gartner GmbH, Gundelfingen, took over the construction of the 120,000 m² glass facade in 16,000 elements .
building-costs
The construction costs amounted to around 1.6 billion euros.
Miscellaneous
- The address is: Taipei 101 - Songzhi Road 8 / Xinyi Road - District Xinyi - Taipei - Taiwan (ROC) ( Chinese 中華民國 （台灣） 台北市 信義 區 西 村里 村里 信義 路五段 7 號 , Pinyin zhōng huá mín guó （tái wān） tái běi shì xìn yì qū xī cūn lǐ xìn yì lù wǔ duàn qī hào )
- Although the Taipei 101 at 508 meters was considered the tallest skyscraper in the world after its opening , it was nominally towered over by another skyscraper, the Willis Tower in Chicago with 527 meters. For the Willis Tower, the antennas were included in the height specification, although they are not included in the official height as they are not recognized as part of the building structure by the internationally recognized commission for height issues in skyscrapers, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) . So the Willis Tower is officially only 442 meters high. According to the definition of the CTBUH, however, the metal tip of the Taipei 101 is assessed for height, which is why the Taipei 101 was considered a taller building. When it comes to the term building, the Commission always defines the absolute height, which means that the Willis Tower does not count as the taller building, but as the taller building. Television towers, masts and chimneys are also counted as buildings, but these are not taken into account when listing the tallest buildings. Without its top, the Taipei 101 would still be slightly higher than the Willis Tower at 448 meters.
- The Austrian base jumper Felix Baumgartner was the first to jump from the Taipei 101 on December 13, 2007 without a permit.
- On December 25, 2004, the free climber Alain Robert climbed the skyscraper along the facade.
- At the turn of the year, spectacular fireworks lasting several minutes are set off from the different floors of the building, which attracts hundreds of thousands of onlookers. Since Taipei is one of the first metropolises to celebrate the New Year due to its location, the images of the fireworks are often broadcast in reporting by the European media and can also be found on YouTube .
- Depending on the wind strength, the tip fluctuates by up to 1.30 meters.
- Every year there is a flight of stairs in Taipei 101 , which leads over 2046 steps to the viewing platform on the 91st floor of the building.
- The German diplomatic mission in Taiwan, the German Institute Taipei, is located on the 33rd floor of the building .
See also
- List of tallest buildings in the world
- List of tallest office buildings in the world
- List of tallest buildings in Asia
- KTRT joint venture
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Skyscraperpage.com Taipei 101
- ↑ CTBUH Create Lists- Tallest Office Buildings
- ↑ But with the Shanghai Tower , a third will soon be added, which aims to surpass all others in terms of elevator speed. Mitsubishi wants to install elevators with a top speed of 64.8 km / h. http://www.spiegel.de/reise/aktuell/die-schnellsten-aufzuege-der-welt-a-879419.html
- ↑ Taipei 101. (PDF; 595 kB) (No longer available online.) Www.motioneering.ca, archived from the original on April 14, 2010 ; accessed on April 8, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ CH Loh, KC Tsai, LL Chung, CH Yeh: Reconnaissance Report on the 31 March 2002 Earthquake on the East Coast of Taiwan . In: Earthquake Spectra . tape 19 , no. 3 , August 2003, p. 531-556 , doi : 10.1193 / 1.1598438 .
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1903471.stm
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from July 1, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://faz.net/ January 10, 2010
- ↑ An Austrian jumped with a parachute from Taipei 101 without permission ( memento of the original from January 29, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Radio Taiwan International , December 13, 2007
- ↑ Spectacular fireworks light up New Year's Eve in Taipei ( memento of the original from January 29, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Radio Taiwan International , January 1, 2008
- ↑ 2008 Taipei 101 New Year Fireworks Display
- ↑ http://www.geo.de/GEO/technik/2781.html
- ↑ Taipei 101 Run Up Race. Taipei Financial Center Corp., 2009, accessed April 6, 2010 .
| before | Tallest skyscraper in the world | after that |
| Petronas Towers | 508 m 2004-2010 |
Burj Khalifa |
Coordinates: 25 ° 2 ′ 1 ″ N , 121 ° 33 ′ 54 ″ E