Malter dam
| Malter dam | |||||||
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 55 '19 " N , 13 ° 39' 11" E | ||||||
| Data on the structure | |||||||
| Construction time: | 1908-1913 | ||||||
| Height above valley floor: | 26.8 m | ||||||
| Height above foundation level : | 34 m | ||||||
| Height of the structure crown: | 335.00 m | ||||||
| Building volume: | 75,000 m³ | ||||||
| Crown length: | 193 m | ||||||
| Crown width: | 6.1 m | ||||||
| Radius of curvature : | 250 m | ||||||
| Power plant output: | 700 kW | ||||||
| Data on the reservoir | |||||||
| Altitude (at congestion destination ) | 326.5 m | ||||||
| Water surface | 84 ha | ||||||
| Storage space | 8.78 million m³ | ||||||
| Total storage space : | 9.2 million m³ | ||||||
| Catchment area | 104.6 km² | ||||||
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The Malter dam is a dam built between 1908 and 1913 in the Free State of Saxony near the town of Malter , which dams the Rote Weißeritz in its middle course. The dam is a curved gravity dam made of quarry stone masonry according to the Intze principle . The local road from Malter to Seifersdorf runs over the dam .
Prehistory (until 1909)
The watercourse of the Roten Weißeritz, which flows from the Kahleberg in the Eastern Ore Mountains towards Dresden , has been characterized by extremely irregular water flow in the past centuries. At the end of the 19th century the water flow fluctuated between 200 liters per second (dry period 1892) and 289,000 liters per second ( flood in July 1897 ) within a few years . As early as the dry years of 1862 and 1863, the Weißeritzanreinern (mills, industrial companies) wanted water regulation. After the periods of low water in 1891 and 1892, an association of "Weißeritz water interested parties" was founded, which demanded measures to regulate water by building dams against the Saxon state government.
The need for water regulation increased after the devastating floods of July 1897. After heavy rainfall, the floods had caused considerable damage in the settlements and on the traffic routes in the Weißeritz valleys. In the valley of the Rote Weißeritz alone 320 houses were destroyed and 19 people were torn to their deaths. Beginning in 1901, the Royal Commission Hydraulic and drove Amtshauptmannschaft Dresden -Altstadt led by Amtshauptmann and dam Commissioner Dr. Arnold Streit is advancing the investigation of the construction of dams in the valley of the Rote Weißeritz. In addition to the Malter site, the Schellerhau , Pöbeltal and Oelsa sites were also examined . In addition to the aspect of flood protection and low water regulation, considerations regarding the provision of service water and the generation of electricity also played a role in the construction of the dam.
The “Weißeritztalsperrengenossenschaft” was founded in 1909 to build and operate the Malter and Klingenberg dams . The cooperative had 281 members, including 239 forced members (owners of the land that would increase in value through the construction of the dams). The first chairman of the cooperative was the industrialist and mill operator ( Hofmühle Dresden , Hafenmühle Dresden ) Theodor Bienert (1857–1935), son of the well-known Saxon industrialist Gottlieb Traugott Bienert . The construction of the two barriers was financed through bonds in the amount of 14.3 million marks (corresponds to a current equivalent of 84 million euros ), for which the state of Saxony assumed the guarantee for interest and repayment for a period of 80 years .
Construction and equipment (1909–1913)
The "Malter Dam Building Authority" was set up in Malter at the beginning of 1908 to organize the construction. The settlement of the Weißeritztal did not offer enough space for the construction of a dam, so devastation was inevitable. The village of Niedermalter with 45 buildings, three mills (Rote Mühle, Tennertmühle, Malter-Mühle), individual buildings from Paulsdorf , Seifersdorf and Dippoldiswalde and a section of the narrow-gauge Weißeritztalbahn were located in the dam area of the barrier . A total of 135 hectares of land had to be bought up, including compensation payments of around 1.35 million marks. Most of those affected stayed in the region and settled in neighboring villages.
As part of a public competition, 52 design drafts for the dam were submitted. The design by the Dresden architects Lossow und Kühne , which was awarded the 3rd prize, was implemented .
Construction began in the summer of 1909 with the preparation of the 200 meter long circulation tunnel.
From July 1910, the Weisseritztalbahn was re-routed, which was laid out of the valley over a length of approx. 7 kilometers. The new route was built parallel to the old one with an incline of 20 per thousand. The hillside location of the new route required extensive earthworks (movement of approx. 140,000 m³ of earth), the construction of four large bridges, including the bridge over the Bormannsgrund, a branch of the dam, and the construction of the new Seifersdorf and Malter stations. In the area of the reservoir, the track was laid two meters above the highest water level. On April 15, 1912, the new route was opened with a special train.
In addition to the construction of the new railway, road relocation work also became necessary. The new roads on the edge of the dam were also built with three larger bridges over side valleys.
The actual barrier wall was erected in spring 1911 by the Dresden branch of Dyckerhoff & Widmann . The dam was founded on dense biotite gneiss . The dam was also built from biotite gneiss, which was extracted from a quarry near Malter train station. At times, up to 1,000 people from more than ten countries were employed on the construction site, building up to 300 m³ of masonry per day. On the water side of the dam, a 70 centimeter thick concrete layer was applied to the gneiss.
The barrier wall is a curved gravity dam based on the Intze principle . The wall is curved to a radius of 250 meters and is 50 meters long at the base of the foundation and 193 meters at the top. The water is drawn off via two pipes, each 100 centimeters in diameter, in the bottom drainage tunnel of the barrier wall (discharge max. 10 m³ / second). There is also a flood weir on the left slope of the valley, which prevents the top of the wall from flooding.
In addition to the main barrier, the Malter dam also has a pre- dam , the barrier structure of which, in contrast to the main dam, is an earth and stone embankment.
Below the main dam is a hydroelectric power station that generates 700 kilowatts of power with two Francis turbines . The power plant is operated by ENSO Energie Sachsen Ost .
The construction work was completed in September 1913. By December 1913, the new dam could be dammed completely for the first time. Commissioning took place on September 27, 1913 by King Friedrich August III.
Further development and use (from 1913)
administration
The "Weißeritztalsperrengenossenschaft", founded to operate in 1909, ran into economic difficulties at an early stage due to the First World War, the economic crisis at the beginning of the 1920s and the fact that the interests of the nearly 300 members of the cooperative were difficult to reconcile in the area of tension between low water levels and flood protection . This led to the takeover of the dam operation by the state of Saxony around 1928/30. The Malter Dam is currently operated by the State Dam Administration of Saxony .
Flood protection
After the August floods in 2002 , the water level was lowered by several meters in order to create a larger flood protection area. On June 3, 2013, the dam overflowed as a result of the flooding in Saxony .
freetime and recreation
Due to the lack of drinking water use, the area around the Malter reservoir has developed into a popular recreational area in the Eastern Ore Mountains from the very beginning . As early as 1914, tours were operated with two motor boats. Swimming and recreational sports in the reservoir are possible, there are four bathing beaches (Paulsdorf, Malter, Seifersdorf and at the fitness studio), two campsites (Paulsdorf and Malter) and several rowing boat rentals. In Paulsdorf (next to the campsite and lido) there is an indoor adventure pool with a sauna. The directly neighboring Dippoldiswalder Heide is a popular hiking area.
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research
The Malter I underwater station was used in the dam from 1968 to 1983 . This smaller habitat of 4.2 × 2 m was operated at a maximum depth of 10 m. The 2-day mission in November 1968 took place at a depth of 8 m as the first habitat under a frozen water surface. In 1972 the habitat was overhauled and used until 1983.
See also
literature
- Between Tharandt forest, Freital and the Lockwitztal (= values of our homeland . Volume 21). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1973.
- Thomas Klein: On the origin, construction and use of the Malter dam until 1945 . in: Reimar Börnicke (ed.): Kulturmosaik Weißeritzkreis . Edition Sächsische Zeitung, Freital 2003, pp. 93-107
- Royal Dam Office: Special conditions and explanations for the execution of the dam near Malter in the area of the Rote Weißeritz. Verlag Jehne, Dresden 1910
- Kerstin Krause: Malter. The story of a partially disappeared village . Malter 2002
- Arno Willibald Alfred Sorger: About the Weißeritztalsperren and the construction of the dam near Malter. Dippoldiswalde 1913
- Sylvio Stute: From Rabenau to Dippoldiswalde on historical postcards. A journey through time to the foothills of the Eastern Ore Mountains . Self-published by the author, Freital 2012
- Herbert Wotte: Malter and Klingenberg dams, Rabenauer Grund. Wanderheft series, Vol. 34, Tourist Verlag, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-350-00207-2
- Weißeritz-Erlebnis GmbH (ed.): Festival brochure 100 Years of the Malter Dam 1913-2013. Dippoldiswalde / Paulsdorf 2013
Web links
- Information about the dam from the Saxon state dam administration
- Weißeritztal-Erlebnis GmbH (operates two campsites, three lido and the indoor adventure pool with sauna)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information for the measuring point Plauen der Vereinigte Weißeritz, Thomas Klein: On the emergence, construction and use of the Malter dam until 1945 . In: Reimar Börnicke (ed.): Kulturmosaik Weißeritzkreis . Edition Sächsische Zeitung, Freital 2003, pp. 93–107, here: p. 94
- ↑ Thomas Klein: On the origin, construction and use of the Malter reservoir until 1945. In: Reimar Börnicke (ed.): Kulturmosaik Weißeritzkreis . Edition Sächsische Zeitung, Freital 2003, pp. 93–107, here: p. 97
- ↑ Malter dam overflows. In: Dresden-Fernsehen.de. June 3, 2013, accessed December 25, 2017 .