Tecticornia

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Tecticornia
Tecticornia pergranulata

Tecticornia pergranulata

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Salicornioideae
Tribe : Salicornieae
Genre : Tecticornia
Scientific name
Tecticornia
Joseph Dalton Hooker

Tecticornia is a genus of plants in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). The numerous types are mainly found in Australia, one type ( Tecticornia indica ) also occurs on the tropical coasts of Asia and Africa.

description

Inflorescences of Tecticornia tenuis
Tecticornia arbuscula
Illustration of Tecticornia pergranulata (top) and Tecticornia halocnemoides (bottom)
Tecticornia tenuis - Bush land in Australia
Tecticornia

Vegetative characteristics

The Tecticornia styles are annual or perennial herbaceous plants , semi-shrubs or small shrubs . The branched stems are bare and appear articulated. The leaves are opposite, they are fleshy, glabrous, overgrown below and surrounding the stem in a cup or collar shape, with a missing or one to three millimeter long, bilobed to triangular free leaf blade.

Inflorescences and flowers

The spike-like inflorescences consist of opposing, mostly overgrown bracts surrounding the stem or, in some species, free bracts , the leaf blades of which are cup-shaped to collar-shaped or triangular to rounded scaly. In each armpit there are (rarely one) usually three to five (rarely up to seven) flowers, which can be grown freely or with one another, with the bract and the inflorescence axis. The hermaphroditic or, more rarely, unisexual flowers have a two- to three-lobed flower cover made of fused tepals , a stamen , and an ovary with two stigmas .

Fruits and seeds

At the time of fruiting, the perianth remains membranous or becomes crusty, spongy or horny. The pericarp can be membranous, fleshy, crusty or woody. The disc-shaped or wedge-shaped seed has a smooth or network-like, humped or longitudinally ribbed surface. The embryo is curvy. The seed contains abundant nutrient tissue.

distribution

The types of Tecticornia are all common in Australia . The only exception is Tecticornia indica ( Syn. Halosarcia indica , Arthrocnenum indicum ) also outside the continent on the tropical coasts of the Indian Ocean to eastern and western tropical Africa .

Systematics

The genus Tecticornia was established by Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1880 . The type species is Tecticornia cinerea (F. Muell.) Baill , which is a synonym of Tecticornia australasica (Moq.) Paul G. Wilson . In phylogenetic studies of salicornioideae the lineage with proved Tecticornia / Halosarcia as the sister group of Sarcocornia / Salicornia - clade . Tecticornia was a small genus with only three species until 2007 , since then the genera Halosarcia , Pachycornia , Sclerostegia and Tegicornia have also been included here.

The genus currently (2016) comprises about 44 species, 11 of which have only recently been described. Unless otherwise stated, the distribution information comes from the Australian Plant Census (2008).

use

The young twigs of Tecticornia indica can be eaten cooked as a vegetable. In Madagascar they are pickled in vinegar and used as a spice.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Gudrun Kadereit, Ladislav Mucina & Helmut Freitag: Phylogeny of Salicornioideae (Chenopodiaceae): diversification, biogeography, and evolutionary trends in leaf and flower morphology , In: Taxon , Volume 55 (3), 2006, pages 623-624, 632-633.
  2. ↑ Joseph Dalton Hooker: Genera Plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis Kewensibus , 3 (1), 1880, p. 65. First description scanned at BHL
  3. ^ Tecticornia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 1, 2016.
  4. ↑ Kelly Anne Shepherd, Paul Graham Wilson: Incorporation of the Australian genera Halosarcia, Pachycornia, Sclerostegia and Tegicornia into Tecticornia (Salicornioideae, Chenopodiaceae). , In: Australian Systematic Botany , Volume 20, 2007, pp. 319-331.
  5. ↑ a b Kelly Anne Shepherd, van Leeuwen, SJ: Tecticornia bibenda (Chenopodiaceae: Salicornioideae), a new C4 samphire from the Little Sandy Desert, Western Australia . In: Nuytsia 16 (2), 2007, pp. 388-390.
  6. ↑ a b c d Kelly Anne Shepherd: Three new species of Tecticornia (formerly Halosarcia) (Chenopodiaceae: Salicornioideae) from the Eremaean Botanical Province, Western Australia . In: Nuytsia 17 (1), 2007, 353-366.
  7. ↑ a b Kelly Anne Shepherd: Tecticornia indefessa (Chenopodiaceae: Salicornioideae), a new mat samphire (formerly Tegicornia) from north of Esperance, Western Australia . In: Nuytsia 17, 2007, 367-374.
  8. ↑ a b Kelly Anne Shepherd: Tecticornia papillata (Chenopodiaceae: Salicornioideae), a new andromonoecious samphire from near the Carnarvon Range, Western Australia . In: Nuytsia 18, 2008, pp. 261-264.
  9. ↑ a b c d Kelly Anne Shepherd, Michael N. Lyons: Three new species of Tecticornia (Chenopodiaceae, subfamily Salicornioideae) identified through Salinity Action Plan surveys of the central wheatbelt region, Western Australia . In: Nuytsia 19, 2009, pages 167-180.
  10. ↑ a b c Kelly Anne Shepherd: Tecticornia globulifera and T. medusa (subfamily Salicornioideae: Chenopodiaceae), two new priority samphires from the Fortescue Marsh in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. In: Telopea 13 (1-2), 2011, pp. 351-355.
  11. ^ APC - Australian Plant Census: Tecticornia , CHAH, 2008.
  12. ↑ Halosarcia indica at PROTA4U ( Memento of the original from August 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.prota4u.org

Web links

Commons : Tecticornia  - collection of images, videos and audio files
 Wikispecies: Tecticornia  - Species Directory