Ternopillja
| Ternopillja | |||
| Тернопілля | |||
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| Basic data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oblast : | Lviv Oblast | ||
| Rajon : | Mykolaiv Raion | ||
| Height : | 282 m | ||
| Area : | 0.75 km² | ||
| Residents : | 473 (2004) | ||
| Population density : | 631 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Postcodes : | 81610 | ||
| Area code : | +380 3241 | ||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 38 ' N , 23 ° 57' E | ||
| KOATUU : | 4623088001 | ||
| Administrative structure : | 2 villages | ||
| Mayor : | Hanna Halkiw | ||
| Address: | 81610 с. Тернопілля | ||
| Statistical information | |||
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Ternopillja (Ukrainian Тернопілля ; Russian Тернополье / Ternopolje , German Dornfeld ) is a village in western Ukraine . The place formerly called Dornfeld was a German colonist village in the former Austrian Kingdom of Galicia (since 1854: Kronland), which still shows its layout from 1785. It was settled by Germans until the end of 1939 and again from 1943 to 1944. Relationships with the Galician Germans' aid committee still exist.
location
Ternopillja is located in the west of Ukraine, about 24 km south of the oblast capital Lviv (formerly Lemberg) in the north of the Mykolaiv Rajon ; Mykolaiv , the capital of Rajons, is 12 kilometers to the southeast.
history
Founding and development until 1939
With the first partition of Poland-Lithuania in 1772 , the " Kingdoms of Galicia and Lodomeria " came to Austria. In 1782, Emperor Joseph II advertised the colonization of Galicia in south-west Germany, promising land ownership along with a house, barn and cattle, as well as freedom from forced labor and military service (immigrants and eldest sons) and also for 10 years from duties and taxes. Dornfeld was built from autumn 1785 - a fountain still reminds of this first year. It was named after 'Edler von Dornfeld', an Austrian gubernial councilor on the settlement staff.
After being quartered in Szczerzec (today Schtschyrez ), the mostly Protestant (and some Mennonite) colonists moved into Dornfeld from 1786; in July 1786 the settlement was completed. At that time, the emperor awarded the colony the imperial double-headed eagle for its coat of arms during a visit.
Dornfeld was the center of the parish district - with the communities Neu-Chrusno ( Chorosno ) in the north, Reichenbach (today part of Krassiw ) and Lindenfeld (today Lypiwka ) in the east as well as Einsiedel (today Odynoke ), Falkenstein (today Sokoliwka ) and Rosenberg (today part from Shchyrez ) in the west. The communities counted themselves to the Evangelical Superintendentur AB Galizien .
The 100th anniversary celebration was postponed to 1888 due to work on the church, also because the first Dornfeld pastor had taken office in July 1788. For the 150th anniversary, however, an agreement was reached with reference to the first settlement patent from Emperor Joseph II for the year 1931; the celebration took place in Dornfeld on Sunday, July 12th.
In 1909 Georg Faust and Karl Bechtloff founded on behalf of the German People's Council Raiffeisenkassen , first in Dornfeld and Rosenberg, little by little German in most other communities of Galicia, a total of 41 funds. On November 1, 1910, the coffers were merged in the 'Association of German Agricultural Cooperatives in Galicia', which was based in Dornfeld until it was moved to Lemberg (1914).
From an administrative point of view, the place was assigned to the district administration of Lemberg from 1867 , the seat of the judicial district was Szczerzec.
The residents fled the Russian occupation on September 1, 1914. Some of them returned to the village that was occupied by the Russians until June 24, 1915, but some did not return until December 1915 after the relief. In Dornfeld, 22 farmsteads were completely or partially cremated; In addition to the destroyed farmsteads, the Russians left behind a 'field that has been riddled and dug up to a large extent by trenches.' According to another report, "40 houses had burned down - the Russians had forced the residents to work on the entrenchments, albeit for a fee."
With the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy in November 1918, a new era began for the former crown land of Galicia. After the following Polish-Ukrainian war , the former Galicia was part of the Polish state from July 16, 1919. During the time of the Second Polish Republic , the place was from 1934 part of the Gmina Ostrów in the Powiat Lemberg , Lemberg Voivodeship .
In 1920 Pastor Fritz Seefeldt founded an adult education center in Dornfeld (opened on March 3, 1921); it existed until his return to Germany in 1933.
Resettlement of the Germans in 1939
Shortly before the outbreak of World War II, there were many arrests. The fighting in Galicia came to a temporary end with the surrender of Lemberg to the Russians on September 22, 1939; the former Eastern Galicia was now referred to as Western Ukraine. With the German-Soviet border and friendship treaty , the resettlement of the Germans was prepared in a confidential protocol; announced on October 6 and from December 8, 1939 by a resettlement command under the direction of SS-Standartenführer Hoffmeyer, for the Lemberg area by SS-Sturmbannführer Dr. Friedrich Scholz, Hans Koch and Rudolf Niemczyk organized.
The great emigration of the Dornfelder itself began on Christmas 1939 in freezing cold. On January 26, 1940, the last trek crossed the San Bridge in Przemyśl . The women and children were taken to camps by train, the goal was initially a camp in Bad Schandau (or for the deaconess house from Stanislau in Pirna ). The men went on the trek and were initially housed near Lodz . Over the next few months the Dornfelder were transferred to the Warthegau and settled there after the Poles had been driven out. This completed the resettlement campaign, which brought over 54,000 Germans from Eastern Galicia to the German-occupied Polish territories, first in the vicinity of Lodz and then in the Warthegau. When the collapse approached in the spring of 1945, they had to flee from there again and abandon everything.
In 2009, a memorial plaque was installed in the new Orthodox Church in Dornfeld, on which the residents of the individual properties who lived until 1939 are listed. The last Protestant pastor there was Arnold Jaki. In the cemetery, a memorial column from 2000 also commemorates the former residents. Both were realized by the Galician German Aid Committee and inaugurated together with the population.
Second World War
The period during the Second World War was marked by violent upheavals, especially in Eastern Europe, including systematic pogroms against the Jews ( Aktion Reinhardt ). - Since June 1941, western Ukraine had belonged to the German General Government , more precisely to the Galicia district .
On June 18, 1943, another train of many wagons arrived in Dornfeld, on which German families - this time Russian Germans evacuated from the Caucasus and the Donets Basin around Stalino , around 50 families - hoped to bring their belongings to a new home. The Poles and Ukrainians who had now resided there were expelled for this. Land was distributed again, and a state estate was created which was administered by a base manager who resided in the rectory. Together with 180 forcibly recruited Ukrainian farm workers, there were now around 400 residents in Dornfeld, and the surrounding villages were also settled by Germans again, but after an initial withdrawal order in April 1944, which was revoked at short notice, Dornfeld had to be left again in autumn - the third evacuation.
description
Dornfeld, one of the most stately colonies, is laid out almost in a square. Two longitudinal and two transverse alleys cross each other and leave a large space in the middle, around which 12 taverns are stored and in the middle of which - surrounded by the large tree-lined church square - lies the church. The four 'Kirchwege' originate from the church and lead east into the German house (originally the Schulzenwirtschaft), south into the former mayor's house, west into the school and north into the rectory with the adult education center.
In 1938, a mill was built on the southeast corner of the inner field - apart from the church, it was the tallest building in town. Further to the north there is a fire water pond and beyond it the old German cemetery (compare the map on the memorial plaque). In the southeast south of the road to Krassiw (or Krasów) Dobryany joins.
The structure of the German settlements was researched in cooperation with the Universities of Mainz and Lwiw (Lemberg); Dornfeld is given as an example of a regular 'Neunfelderdorf'. On the four sides of the inner field (approx. 250 × 250 m) there are five courtyards outside; At each of the four corners the two streets are about the same length; the western and eastern fields are 2 yards narrower than the middle ones. Originally 89 farms including school and church were planned - after Brigidau the second largest colony in what was then East Galicia. Later, around 40 additional jobs were created in the north and south and through partitions.
Population: From 387 in 1806 to 1342 (1869) and decreased to 573 in 1930.
present
The neighboring village of Dobrjany (formerly Dobrzany in Polish) also belonged to the district of the same name Ternopillja until 2015, and on September 5, 2015, the village became part of the newly founded rural community of Trostjanez .
In 2001 there were 473 people living in Ternopillja - around 250 of them (53%) under 40 years of age. 20% each were born after 1990 and before 1950.
An Orthodox church was built on the church square in 2003. The gate with the bells has also been rebuilt. The old rectory is now (2014) empty and dilapidated, especially the adult education center extension. Two stately new buildings have been built next door.
A few years ago, grain was still ground in the mill. The old school building in the west has been newly renovated and is used as an old part of the state middle school - including a computer training room.
literature
- Faust, Georg, memories and experiences (typescript Lütjenburg 1947, digital edition 2006)
- Faust, Reinhard, German Village in the East (typescript 1944, digital edition 2014)
- Gerlach, Thomas u. Schmitt, Gert: Ukraine , Trescher-Verlag Berlin 2011, pp. 122–129: German settlements in East Galicia (with the assistance of Hans Christian Heinz)
- Müller, Sepp, literature on Galicia and its Germanness , Marburg 1962
- Müller, Sepp, Galizien und seine Deutschtum , Heimatbuch V, (Aid Committee of the Galician Germans ) Stuttgart 1999
- Röskau-Rydel, Isabel (ed.), German history in Eastern Europe: Galizien, Bukowina, Moldau Siedler-Verlag 2002, ISBN 978-3-88680-781-9
- Schürmann, Heinz and Heinz, Hans Christian: Founding German Settlements in East Galicia in: Kulturlandschaft, Volume 8, 1998, Issue 1, p. 13 ff ( http://www.kulturlandschaft.org/publikationen/kulturlandschaft-1/1998_01.pdf )
- Seefeldt, Fritz, Dornfelds Chronik (Deutsche Gaue im Osten 7), Kattowitz 1936, reprint 1998
- Seefeldt, Fritz, Pfälzer wandern (auxiliary committee of the Galicia Germans) Stuttgart 2002
Web links
- http://www.galizien-deutsche.de/hochladen/daten/Galizische-Ortschaften/Dornfeld-%28Ternopillja%29-Ukraine-Krs.Lemberg.pdf
- Dornfeld . In: Filip Sulimierski, Władysław Walewski (eds.): Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich . tape 2 : Derenek – Gżack . Sulimierskiego and Walewskiego, Warsaw 1881, p. 122 (Polish, edu.pl ).
- Impressions from the former Dornfeld (today Ternopillja), Ukraine (PDF; 1.3 MB). Aid Committee of the Galiziendeutschen eV Publication from October 2014. Accessed on December 3, 2016.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gerlach, p. 123
- ^ Metzler, Wilhelm in: Heimat Galizien ", Volume I, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1965, p. 82f
- ↑ Seefeldt, Dornfelds Chronik, p. 171
- ↑ Seefeldt, Dornfelds Chronik, p. 172
- ↑ Röskau-Rydel, p. 168
- ↑ Röskau-Rydel, p. 192ff
- ↑ a b http://www.galizien-deutsche.de/hochladen/daten/Gedenktafeln-alle-2014.pdf
- ^ Faust, R., German Village in the East
- ↑ Seefeldt, Dornfelds Chronik, p. 3.
- ↑ Schürmann & Heinz, p. 14
- ↑ cf. Bredetzky, Samuel: Historical-statistical contribution to the German colonial system , 1802; http://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/werkansicht/?PPN=PPN667585427&PHYSID=PHYS_0156
- ↑ Seefeldt, Dornfelds Chronik, p. 273
- ↑ Відповідно до Закону України "Про добровільне об'єднання територіальних громад" кокумад "оконумадиску оо Львівськісу
- ↑ Lviv Oblast Census [1]