Theodor Thumm

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Portrait of Theodor Thumm, painting by an anonymous master , in the Tübingen Professorengalerie

Theodor Thumm (also Latinized Theodorus Thummius * 8. November 1586 in Hausen at the Zaber at Brackenheim ; † 22. October 1630 probably in Tübingen ) was a württembergischer Lutheran theologian who among the Orthodox dispute theologians within Lutheranism on the floor of the Concord by his school dispute with the Giessen theologians about the human nature of Christ became known.

Live and act

Theodor Thumm was born as the son of pastor Gottfried Thumm and has spent his entire life in Württemberg. He received his preparatory training on the pedagogies in Eßlingen and Stuttgart and studied in Tübingen in the local Protestant monastery . As early as 1603 he earned his degree in philosophy. After he had passed the Consistorialexamen in Stuttgart, he received his first job as a deacon in Tübingen, and six years later came to Kirchheim unter Teck as pastor and superintendent . In 1618 he was appointed full professor at the theological faculty in Tübingen. He held this position for twelve years when he died on October 22, 1630.

His name became known through the polemics he led throughout Lutheran Protestantism, despite the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War . It was about the theological school question of the nature of the human nature of Christ in the so-called state of humiliation. On Thumm's side stood the Tübingen theologians Lucas Osiander the Younger and Melchior Nicolai ; their opponents were the Giessen theologians Balthasar Mentzer and Justus Feuerborn . Both parties stood on the basis of the concord formula , according to which the human nature of the God-Man, through the process of the incarnation of the Logos, shares in the majesty properties of the divine nature of the same. The human nature of the God-Man now has the properties of omnipresence, omniscience, etc .; there was so much agreement regarding ownership ( ancient Greek ktesis ). But one wondered whether the human nature of Christ during her earthly life, i.e. H. made use of this property in the state of her so-called humiliation . The Giessen theologians, who had retained a certain meaning for a historical record of the earthly life of Jesus Christ, maintained that the human nature of Christ renounced the use (ancient Greek chresis ) of their divine properties (renunciation Greek kenosis ), the Tübingen theologians on the other hand that he secretly (concealment Greek krypsis ) made use of them. The Giessener claimed the kenosis , the Tübingen the crypsis of the chresis of the divine properties of the human nature of Christ.

In 1624, Thumm published his work on behalf of the Württemberg theologians: Amica admonitio super decisione de quatuor per aliquot annos inter nonnullos Aug.-Conf. theologos agitatis controversis quaestionibus de omnipraesentia Christi… ad creaturas eiusdemque vera et profunda humiliatione et inanitione (German 1624). - In 1625 his edition of the Acta Menzeriana followed . However, the Thirty Years War stifled the continuation of this dispute.

Thumm then fought against the Jesuits with never wavering strength of character . With his harsh polemical writing Christian and well-founded report on the question: whether a Protestant Christian could go to the papal religion with a clear conscience at the request and necessity of secular authorities (1626), he aroused their hatred so much that they finally succeeded in defeating the emperor to take over the author because there was a passage in this text that could be interpreted as a defamatory attack on the Catholic imperial family. An imperial envoy appeared at the Württemberg court and demanded the extradition of the writer, who had been portrayed as dangerous. This request was not obeyed, but the Duke considered it necessary to have Thumm put into safekeeping at the Tübingen Castle. These events affected the attacked man so much that he died two years later.

Thumm also published a number of writings against Calvinism and Protestant “sectarians”. With Anton Praetorius , Johann Georg Gödelmann , Johannes Ewich and Hermann Wilken , Thumm was one of the proponents of the view of the doctor Johann Weyer that so-called "witches" were by no means in league with the devil .

Fonts (selection)

  • Misanthropia calvinistica (1620)
  • Tractatus theologicus de bello (1621)
  • Assertio sanae et orthodoxae doctrinae de exinanitione Christi (1622)
  • Scultetus iconoclastes (1621)
  • Synopsis doctrinae de aeterna salvandorum praedestinatione (1621)
  • De vera, reali et substantiali carnis et sanguinis Christi ... in s. coena praesentia (1621)
  • Polytropia calviniana (1621)
  • Tractatus de bonis ecclesiae (1621)
  • Apodixis theologica, Deum essentia unum, personis trinum esse, contra Photinianos (1622)
  • Panurgia Satanae Gen. III (1621)
  • Majestas Jesu Christi versus Photinianos et Jesuitas (1621)
  • Impietas Photiniana (1623)
  • Controversia de traduce p. ortu animae rationalis (1622)
  • Explicatio terminorum et distinctionum in arduo articulo iustificationis gratuitae hominis peccatoris coram Deo occurrentium (1620–1623)
  • Tractatus de haereticis non occidendis (1622)
  • Tr. de usura licita et illicita (1622)
  • Impietas Weigeliana (1622)
  • Consideratio trium quaestionum: a) de efficacia verbi; b) de eius modo et ordine; c) de tribus partibus hominem essentialiter constituentibus, contra Weigelianos (1624)
  • Tractatio historico-theologica de festis Judaeorum et Christianorum (1624)
  • Apocalypticus character Anti-Christ, contra Casp. Lechnerum (1624)
  • Idololatria Lechneriana (1624)
  • Disquisitio de jubilaeo anti-christiano et indulgentiis (1625)
  • Repetitio sanae doctrinae de majestate Christi (1624)
  • Decas exercitationum theologicarum de praecipuis quibusdam religionis christianae capitibus (1624)
  • De igne purgatorii pontificii fatuo (1625)
  • Apologia contra injustas criminationes Laur. Foreri et Casp. Lechneri de crimine laesae maiestatis Caesareae "(1626);" Tr. de triplici Christi officio, prophetico, regio et sacerdotali (1626)
  • Tr. de verbo dei scripto et non scripto, contra pontificios (1623)
  • Errores Balth. Mentzeri et A. Feurbornii (1625)
  • Examen defensionis Balth. Mentzeri (1625)
  • Tapeinosigraphia sacra s. de exinanitione Christi (1623)
  • Brief report of a number of contentious questions about the presence of the man of Christ (1625).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Emmy Rosenfeld: Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld. A voice in the desert . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1958 (= sources and research on the linguistic and cultural history of the Germanic peoples. New series, 2), p. 275 f.

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Thumm, Theodor
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Thummius, Theodorus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lutheran theologian from Württemberg
DATE OF BIRTH November 8, 1586
PLACE OF BIRTH Hausen on the Zaber
DATE OF DEATH October 22, 1630
Place of death uncertain: Tübingen