Therapia (ship, 1902)
 In the service of the DLL
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The Therapia of the North German Lloyd (NDL) in Bremen was a German passenger ship . It was completed in Hamburg in 1902 as the only new passenger ship on the German Levante Line (DLL) and used in service to Odessa . In 1906, the NDL acquired the ship for a new line from Marseille to Batum .
At the end of 1913, the NDL sold Therapia to Russia. Sunk in Libau at the beginning of the war in 1914 , the Germans lifted the ship in 1915 and used it as a barrier breaker until the end of the war . After the end of the war, Hugo Stinnes bought the ship lying in Libau through a Danish subsidiary, which was chartered by the DOAL and under the (imperial) Russian flag again as Baltika carried out an exploration trip to East Africa.
In 1921, the ship was called Danzig for the Stinnes owned Danzig shipping company Artus on the route to South America. In 1926 HAPAG took over the ship, which in 1930 sold it to Bremerhaven for demolition.
history
The DLL also offered travel options on its ships, some of which ran from Hamburg to the Black Sea. From 1898 so-called express steamers were used, which had a larger passenger facility. For this purpose, Hamburg-Süd bought two steamers, the Pera (ex Porto Alegre , built in 1888, 2,499 GRT) and the Stambul (ex Cintra , built in 1889, 2,643 GRT). In 1901, she also commissioned a ship from Blohm & Voss for the line to Odessa , which should primarily serve the passenger service. The Therapia , launched on December 21, 1901, was 111.56 meters long, measured at 3,781 GRT, making it the largest ship in the DLL. It offered space for 86 passengers in first class and up to 648 passengers in the tween deck. The two-masted ship had a funnel and was propelled by a screw. It could run up to 13 knots.
In 1906, DLL sold Therapia to Norddeutscher Lloyd, with whom DLL wanted to operate a shared passenger line from Marseille to Batum. The NDL changed the passenger facilities for now 86 passengers 1st class and 32 III. Class. In addition, 200 deck passengers could be taken for short trips. In addition to the Therapia , Lloyd also acquired the old Serapis from DDG Kosmos , which had been chartered by DLL for years, and had it converted into a passenger ship (86 first class passengers, up to 150 day passengers), which was named Skutari . The DLL took part in this joint service with three ships ( Pera , Stambul , Galata ), whose passenger facilities were also modernized.
The common line ran from Marseilles via Genoa , Naples , Piraeus , Smyrna , Constantinople and Odessa to Batum; at times also Barcelona was called. The DLL had severe losses in this service and terminated the contract as early as the end of 1907. Their steamers ran with passengers again from Hamburg in the Black Sea in 1908. The NDL continued the service that began in the Mediterranean. Since the DLL had terminated in good time, the NDL brought the old mail steamers Prussia , Bavaria and Saxony into motion on the route in order to maintain the departure frequency. At the end of December 1908, the Therapia was one of the first civilian ships to provide aid there after the earthquake in Messina . After its supplies had been exhausted, it was replaced on site by the saloon steamer Bremen , which was used on the route from the Mediterranean to New York . Messina has also been one of the ports called by Linie since 1908.
However, the success of the line did not increase significantly even when operated alone by the NDL and in 1909 the old mail steamers were sold to Italy for demolition. In addition to the Therapia and the Scutari , the Stambul bought by the DLL , which had already been involved in the community service, was used in mid-1910 . The uncertain political situation in the Eastern Mediterranean further reduced the chances of success of a liner service with a large number of passengers, so that in 1912 the Stambul was sold again, followed by the Scutari in May 1913 . When the Dardanelles were closed again in the course of the Balkan War in autumn , the NDL gave up and stopped working. The only remaining Therapia was sold on November 4, 1913 to Russia to the Baltic Lloyd in Libau.
Service under changing flags
The Baltic Lloyd renamed its new acquisition in Baltika . When the First World War broke out in 1914 , the Imperial Russian Navy took over the ship and converted it into a hospital ship. Because of the threatened conquest of Libau by the Germans, the ship was sunk by the withdrawing Russians. In 1915 the Germans lifted the Baltika and renamed it Therapia after repairs . From 1916 she was used by the Imperial Navy in the Baltic Sea as barrier breaker 2 . In 1918 the ship was transferred back to the NDL. But it remained in Libau. The owner of the ship was a Chr. Jensen shipping company.
In 1920 Hugo Stinnes acquired the lay-up ship through a Danish subsidiary. Before it was registered in Denmark to prevent extradition to the victorious powers, the ship was chartered to the DOAL for an exploration trip to East Africa. For this voyage, the ship was renamed Baltica again and left for East Africa on July 31, 1920 under a Russian captain and the old Russian trade flag. On board was a very mixed crew and a Danish and two German captains. The drive is said to have been very difficult and on the verge of mutiny.
After returning home, the Baltika was entered in the Danish register, but in 1922 it was transferred to the Artus shipping company, which was also owned by Stinnes, in what is now the "Free City" of Danzig . This used the former Therapia, renamed Danzig , in the Stinnes South America Service. In 1926, the Danzig came with the majority of the Stinnes ships in the possession of Hapag, where it was initially used as a cargo ship. At the end of 1930, Hapag separated the ship and sold it to Bremerhaven , where it was scrapped.
Fate of further purchases for the Mediterranean service of the NDL
| Launched in service |
Surname | tonnage | shipyard | fate |
| April 19, 1890 April 30, 1906 |
Scutari | 2,867 GRT 4,050 dw |
Blohm & Voss BauN ° 72 |
ex Serapis / DDG Kosmos, 1900 DLL in charter, December 9, 1905 purchase 1913 sale to Italy: Albaro , 1925 to Chile: Luisa , 1928 Huemul , 1945 sunk |
| April 16, 1889 August 24, 1910 |
Stambul | 2,663 GRT 3,100 dw |
Blohm & Voss BauN ° 64 |
ex Cintra / Hamburg-Süd, 1899 DLL Stambul (1905 in joint service) , August 24, 1910 purchase in 1912 sale to Italy: Cornigliano , sunk by submarine in 1916 |
literature
- Arnold Kludas: The ships of the German Africa Lines 1880 to 1945 . Verlag Gerhard Stalling, 1975, ISBN 3-7979-1867-4 .
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping, Volume I, The Pioneering Years from 1850 to 1890 , Writings of the German Shipping Museum, Volume 18
- Arnold Kludas: The History of the German Passenger Shipping Volume III Leap growth 1900 to 1914 , Writings of the German Shipping Museum, Volume 20
- Arnold Kludas: The ships of the North German Lloyd 1857 to 1919 . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, 1991, ISBN 3-7822-0524-3 .
- Hans Georg Prager: Blohm & Voss Koehler Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1977, ISBN 3-78220-127-2 .
- Reinhardt Schmelzkopf: German merchant shipping 1919–1939 . Verlag Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg, ISBN 3 7979 1847 X .
Web links
Footnotes
- ^ Pera , ex Porto Alegre , 1888 Blohm & Voss BN ° 57, 2,499 GRT; Stambul , ex Cintra , 1889 Blohm & Voss BN ° 64, 2,643 GRT; Galata , ex Paros , Bellagio , Venetia , 1891 Reiherstieg BN ° 383, 2,864 GRT.
- ↑ Kludas, Passenger Ships, Vol. III, p. 115.
- ↑ Kludas, Passenger Ships, Vol. III, p. 14.
- ↑ a b c Kludas, Passenger Ships, Vol. III, p. 116.
- ↑ Kludas, NDL, Vol. I, p. 136.
- ↑ melt head, p. 32.
- ^ Kludas, Africa Lines, p. 150.