Thiacloprid

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Structural formula
Thiacloprid
General
Surname Thiacloprid
other names
  • {(2 Z ) -3 - [(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl) methyl] -1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene} cyanamide ( IUPAC )
  • Calypso
Molecular formula C 10 H 9 ClN 4 S
Brief description

yellowish, crystalline powder

External identifiers / databases
CAS number 111988-49-9
EC number 601-147-9
ECHA InfoCard 100.129.728
PubChem 115224
ChemSpider 103099
DrugBank DB08620
Wikidata Q416283
properties
Molar mass 252.72 g mol −1
density

1.46 g cm −3 at 20 ° C

Melting point
  • 136 ° C (morphological form 1)
  • 128 ° C (morphological form 2)
solubility

0.185 g l −1 (water, 20 ° C, pH range between 4 and 9)

safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from  Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary
06 - Toxic or very toxic 08 - Dangerous to health 09 - Dangerous for the environment

danger

H and P phrases H: 301-332-336-351-360FD-410
P: 201-261-280-301 + 330 + 331 + 310-308 + 313
Toxicological data
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Thiacloprid is an insecticide belonging to the neonicotinoid class . It was developed by a Japanese subsidiary of Bayer CropScience from imidacloprid developed for insect -combat of arable and fruit pests such as aphids and moth scale insects , psyllids , codling learning and weevils . Unlike most other remedies with a corresponding focus, the active ingredient thiacloprid also works against the box tree moth .

toxicity

Toxicity to humans

Thiacloprid belongs to the group of neonicotinoids; the means of this group of active substances are much less dangerous for warm-blooded animals than for insects. A total of 70 cases of neonicotinoid poisoning were recorded in Taiwan between 1987 and 2007. The majority of these were suicide attempts in which large amounts of agents from the group of neonicotinoids were ingested within a short period of time. In the 70 cases examined, two people died and eight other people were observed to have severe symptoms, particularly difficulty breathing. However, the majority of patients had only mild to moderate effects that could be treated well.

The preparations and sprays available for the end user z. B. in atomizer bottles usually contain little active ingredient. A typical product marketed by Bayer contains 0.25 g / l thiacloprid.

Toxicity to bees

The acute toxicity of thiacloprid for bees ( LD 50 ) was determined to be 14.6 µg / bee. With a typical body mass of a worker bee of 120 mg, this corresponds to approximately one ten-thousandth of the bee's own weight. Thiacloprid is one of the cyano- substituted neonicotinoids, nitro- substituted neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid or clothianidin are up to a factor of 1000 more toxic for bees.

In 2014, the BUND criticized the manufacturer's consumer information about the bee harmlessness of agents with this active ingredient. Bayer then obtained an injunction that forced the BUND to remove certain pages from the Internet. On March 11, 2015, the Düsseldorf Regional Court ruled that BUND was allowed to continue to claim that two pesticide products manufactured by Bayer were dangerous for bees and that the logo depicted on them with the imprint “not dangerous for bees” was misleading consumers. The BUND's criticism is essentially based on the research of Randolf Menzel .

regulation

In Germany and Switzerland, thiacloprid, mostly in the form of sprays or suspension emulsions, is also approved for use in home and allotment gardens against a large number of biting and sucking insects. Products approved in Germany include 'Calypso', 'Lizetan', and 'Biscaya'. The approval of some products was revoked on August 21, 2015 by the Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL). In Austria, preparations are approved for use in arable, vegetable and fruit growing.

Thiacloprid was placed on a substitution list by the European Union in 2015 because of its potentially endocrine disrupting effects. The EU Commission discussed on 20 May 2019 a draft regulation which provides, not to renew the expiring in April 2020 EU-wide approval. The German Minister of Agriculture, Julia Klöckner , announced that she would oppose the re-approval. On January 13, 2020, the EU Commission decided to end the approval for thiacloprid for the European market. The member states must therefore revoke authorizations for plant protection products containing thiacloprid by August 3, 2020 at the latest; the use-by period ends on February 21, 2021.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e P. Jeschke, K. Moriya, R. Lantzsch, H. Seifert, W. Lindner, K. Jelich, A. Göhrt, ME Beck and W. Etzel: Thiacloprid (Bay YRC 2894) - A new member of the chloro nicotinyl insecticide (CNI) family . In: Plant Protection News Bayer . tape 54 , no. 2 , 2001, ISSN  0170-0405 , p. 147-160 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f data sheet Thiacloprid from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on December 31, 2019 ( PDF ).
  3. ↑ Entry on (Z) -3- (6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl) -1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidenecyanamide in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on December 31, 2019. Distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
  4. ^ Thiacloprid Pesticide Fact Sheet , Environmental Protection Agency .
  5. ↑ Michael Schuld, Richard Schmuck: Effects of Thiacloprid, a New Chloronicotinyl Insecticide, On the Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma cacaoeciae . In: Ecotoxicology , June 2000, Volume 9, Issue 3, pp. 197-205 doi: 10.1023 / A: 1008994705074 .
  6. ↑ Box tree moth control
  7. ↑ Dong Haur Phua, Chun Chi Lin, Ming-Ling Wu, Jou-Fang Deng, Chen-Chang Yang: Neonicotinoid insecticides: an emerging cause of acute pesticide poisoning , Clinical Toxicology (2009) 47, 336–341, doi: 10.1080 / 15563650802644533 .
  8. ^ Takao Iwasa, Naoki Motoyama, John T. Ambrose, R. Michael Roe: Mechanism for the differential toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides in the honey bee, Apis mellifera , Crop Protection, Vol. 23, Ed. 5, May 2004, pp. 371-378 , doi: 10.1016 / j.cropro.2003.08.018 .
  9. ↑ FAZ: Bayer pesticides may be called “dangerous for bees”, March 11, 2015.
  10. ↑ Randolf Menzel: How pesticides (neonicotinoids) change the navigation, dance communication and learning behavior of bees (PDF), in Bayer. Academy of Sciences (ed.): Social insects in a changing world. Roundtables of the Commission for Ecology, 43, Verlag Pfeil, Munich, 2014, pp. 75–83, ISSN 0938-5851, ISBN 978-3-89937-179-6 .
  11. ↑ FU Berlin: When bees can't find their way home , press release No. 092/2014 of March 20, 2014.
  12. ↑ BVL: Revoked and dormant approvals , as of October 26, 2017.
  13. ↑ General Directorate Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on thiacloprid in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on November 30, 2017.
  14. ↑ Regulation (EU) 2015/408 (PDF) , implementing regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the placing of plant protection products on the market and the creation of a list of substitution candidates from March 11, 2015.
  15. ↑ EU Commission, Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed, Section Phytopharmaceuticals - Legislation: Agenda 20-21 May 2019 .
  16. ↑ taz: Thiacloprid harms fetuses , May 23, 2019.
  17. ↑ Thiacloprid insecticide is banned in Europe. In: ec.europa.eu . January 13, 2020, accessed January 13, 2020 .
  18. ↑ Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/23 of the Commission of January 13, 2020 (PDF; 376 kB)