Thomas of Capua

Thomas von Capua ( Tommaso di Capua , Tommaso del Vescovo da Capua ) (* before 1185; † probably in Anagni in mid-August 1239 ) was papal notary, elected Archbishop of Naples from 1215 to 1216 , and cardinal from 1216 .

Life

Thomas came from Capua , from the de Ebulo family, and entered the service of the Roman curia , possibly supported by Pelagius von Albano . In 1214 or 1215 the chapter of the Archdiocese of Naples elected him archbishop; He remained, however, without taking up his office in Naples, still active in the Curia, where he became head of the papal chancellery of Innocent III. rise and first dated papal documents in June 1215 as sancte Romane ecclesie subdiaconus . On March 5, 1216 Innocent III. him cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Via Lata and in April cardinal priest of Santa Sabina , whereupon the Archdiocese of Naples was occupied elsewhere.

After Innocent's death (July 16, 1216) he left the chancellery, but was in 1219 by Pope Honorius III. appointed cardinal penitentiary and took over after Gregory IX took up the pontificate . 1227 also diplomatic tasks. In the winter of 1227/28 he was with Cardinal Otto von St. Nikolaus in Carcere Tulliano for the first time with Emperor Friedrich II to negotiate the lifting of the emperor's excommunication. In November 1229 Thomas traveled again to the imperial court in order to obtain free withdrawal for Pelagius von Albano, who was trapped in Montecassino, and to initiate peace negotiations with the emperor.

In the summer of 1230, together with Cardinal Bishop Jean II. Halgrin d'Abbeville, he conducted the difficult negotiations with Frederick II Papal state some border fortresses) and the Treaty of Ceprano (with the abandonment of the last royal rights in the area of the Sicilian Church, Friedrich achieved the dissolution of the ban). In October 1232 he went to Viterbo with Cardinal Bishop Rinaldo dei Conti di Segni to settle the dispute between this city and Rome. Your mediation efforts in the summer of 1237 in northern Italy, for a peace between the emperor and the Lombard cities, were unsuccessful.

Thomas died in August 1239 in Anagni, the residence of the papal curia at that time.

Works

From Thomas' work as a cardinal penitentiary, a collection of forms that can largely be traced back to him has emerged. In addition, Thomas wrote an Ars dictandi , a textbook-like introduction to the letter style of the papal chancellery at the time.

As part of his work in the papal administration and jurisdiction, the basis for the collection of letters ( Summa dictaminis ), which has been handed down under his name , was created, which was probably put together for the first time in ten books with over 500 items between 1268 and 1271 after the death of Pope Clement IV (also includes pieces that were written after Thomas' death). Its outstanding source value for the history of the 13th century has occupied research for several generations; basic work comes from Emmy Heller , Hans Martin Schaller and Matthias Thumser .

Editions

Form collection

Henry Charles Lea (Ed.): A Formulary of the Papal Penitentiary in the Thirteenth Century. Philadelphia 1892. (by Lea erroneously attributed to Cardinal Jacobus Thomasius von S. Clemente) Scans at archive.org

Ars dictandi

Emmy Heller (Ed.): The Ars Dictandi of Thomas von Capua. Critically explained edition. Winter, Heidelberg 1929. ( ALIM )

Summa dictaminis

Matthias Thumser / Jakob Frohmann (ed.): The collection of letters from Thomas von Capua. From the documents left behind by Emmy Heller and Hans Martin Schaller. Preliminary online edition, MGH 2011. PDF

literature

Emmy Heller: The Summa dictaminis of Thomas von Capua . Dissertation, University of Heidelberg 1926.
Emmy Heller: The curious course of business in the letters of Thomas von Capua . In: Archiv für Urkundenforschung , Vol. 13 (1935), pp. 198-318.
Emmy Heller: On the question of the curial style influence in the Sicilian law firm Friedrich II . In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages , Vol. 19, Vol. 1963, pp. 434–450.
Hans Martin Schaller: Studies on the collection of letters from Cardinal Thomas von Capua . In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages , Vol. 21, Vol. 1965, pp. 371-518.
Norbert Kamp : Church and monarchy in the Staufer kingdom of Sicily. I: Prosopographical foundation: dioceses and bishops of the kingdom 1194–1266 . I: Abruzzo and Campania. Munich 1973, pp. 315-317. (Münster medieval writings, 10.I, 1)
Werner Maleczek : Pope and College of Cardinals from 1191 to 1216. The cardinals under Celestine III. and Innocent III. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1984, pp. 201–203. (Publications of the Historical Institute at the Austrian Cultural Institute in Rome, Vol. I 6)

Web links

Thomas Capuanus in the repertory "Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages"

Thomas of Capua. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website, English)

Remarks

↑ "Aput Anagniam Thomas Capuanus Sancte Sabine presbyter cardinalis 15 cal. Septembris [18. August] obiit. ”, Ryccardus de San Germano , Chronica , in: Georg Heinrich Pertz (Ed.), Monumenta Germaniae Historica , Volume 19, p. 378, on the year 1239 ( online ). On the other hand: “Thomas de Capua […] Cardinalis S. Sabinæ […] E viuis ereptus est Anagniæ xi. Calendar of Septembris [22. August] anno 1243 “, in: Alphonus Ciacconius , Vitae et res gestae Pontificum romanorum et SRE Cardinalium… , Tomus secundus, Rome 1677, column 36, no. XXVIII ( online ). Ryccardus follow u. a. Heller, Schaller, Stöberer, Thumser and ( geschichtsquellen.de ); Chacón follow u. a. Lea ( A formulary… , 1892, p. 77, footnote, see references), Setton ( A history of the crusades , 1985, volumes 5 and 6), Eden (article Hymnographers in: Johnston, Encyclopedia of Monasticism , 2013), Armstrong / Hellman / Short ( Francis of Assisi , 1999), the Bibliothèque nationale de France ( online ), and the Enciclopedia italiana (Bruni, article Tommaso di Capua , 1937 ( online ) also in the current online edition . WorldCat Identities provides in the section "Alternative Names" (statistical) 11 times "1243" or "approx. 1243" and 7 times "1239" ( online )
^ Werner Maleczek: Pope and College of Cardinals from 1191 to 1216. The cardinals under Celestine III. and Innocent III. Vienna 1984, p. 201 with note 563
↑ On June 4, 1215 he is referred to for the first time as Neapolitanus electus . Cf. Werner Maleczek: Pope and College of Cardinals from 1191 to 1216. The cardinals under Celestine III. and Innocent III. Vienna 1984, p. 202; the canonically required minimum age is 30 years.
↑ Date according to Werner Maleczek: Pope and College of Cardinals from 1191 to 1216. The cardinals under Celestine III. and Innocent III. Vienna 1984, p. 202.

personal data
SURNAME	Thomas of Capua
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Thomas Capuanus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Papal diplomat, cardinal, Elect of Naples (1215–1216)
DATE OF BIRTH	before 1185
DATE OF DEATH	uncertain: August 1239

[1] "Aput Anagniam Thomas Capuanus Sancte Sabine presbyter cardinalis 15 cal. Septembris [18. August] obiit. ”, Ryccardus de San Germano , Chronica , in: Georg Heinrich Pertz (Ed.), Monumenta Germaniae Historica , Volume 19, p. 378, on the year 1239 ( online ). On the other hand: “Thomas de Capua […] Cardinalis S. Sabinæ […] E viuis ereptus est Anagniæ xi. Calendar of Septembris [22. August] anno 1243 “, in: Alphonus Ciacconius , Vitae et res gestae Pontificum romanorum et SRE Cardinalium… , Tomus secundus, Rome 1677, column 36, no. XXVIII ( online ). Ryccardus follow u. a. Heller, Schaller, Stöberer, Thumser and ( geschichtsquellen.de ); Chacón follow u. a. Lea ( A formulary… , 1892, p. 77, footnote, see references), Setton ( A history of the crusades , 1985, volumes 5 and 6), Eden (article Hymnographers in: Johnston, Encyclopedia of Monasticism , 2013), Armstrong / Hellman / Short ( Francis of Assisi , 1999), the Bibliothèque nationale de France ( online ), and the Enciclopedia italiana (Bruni, article Tommaso di Capua , 1937 ( online ) also in the current online edition . WorldCat Identities provides in the section "Alternative Names" (statistical) 11 times "1243" or "approx. 1243" and 7 times "1239" ( online )

[2] Werner Maleczek: Pope and College of Cardinals from 1191 to 1216. The cardinals under Celestine III. and Innocent III. Vienna 1984, p. 201 with note 563

[3] On June 4, 1215 he is referred to for the first time as Neapolitanus electus . Cf. Werner Maleczek: Pope and College of Cardinals from 1191 to 1216. The cardinals under Celestine III. and Innocent III. Vienna 1984, p. 202; the canonically required minimum age is 30 years.

[4] Date according to Werner Maleczek: Pope and College of Cardinals from 1191 to 1216. The cardinals under Celestine III. and Innocent III. Vienna 1984, p. 202.