Sultana (grape variety)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sultana
Synonyms Thomson Seedless - for more see the Synonyms section
Sultana
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color White
use
origin Turkey
VIVC no. 12051
List of grape varieties

Sultana is a grape variety with white, seedless berries. It is one of the most important table grapes and in 2015 it was the grape variety with the world's third largest acreage. The grape variety is mainly used as a table grape and for the production of raisins . It is also used to make a neutral white wine and grape must concentrate. Their wine is often used as the base wine in distillation . This variety is believed to come from the eastern Mediterranean or southern Iran. It is grown on around 300,000 hectares worldwide . The main cultivation areas are Turkey , the USA , especially California , Iran , Greece , Chile , Australia , Syria , South Africa , China and Iraq .

In California it is the variety with the largest acreage and can be found almost exclusively in the Central Valley Raisin Center . William Thompson introduced the grape variety in California, so it is often called Thompson Seedless .

Sultana does very well in warm, dry areas. It forms light green, small, oval , often seedless berries . During flowering, it responds well to the plant hormone gibberellin and then produces fewer, but larger berries.

Sultana was used as a cross partner in the red and white varieties Carina , in the hybrid Himrod based on American vines and the variety Tulillah bred in Australia .

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

In ampelography , the habitus is described as follows:

  • The shoot tip is open. It is only hairy like a cobweb and of a light green color. The young leaves are hairless and shiny.
  • The medium-sized to large, light green leaves are five-lobed and indented to a medium depth. The stalk bay is closed lyren-shaped. The blade is only bluntly serrated. The teeth are medium-sized compared to the grape varieties. The leaf surface (also called blade) is smooth and shiny.
  • The mostly conical to cylindrical grape is shouldered several times, large and with loose berries. The round berries are small and golden-yellow in color. The peel of the berry is strong and firm.

The Sultana has a strong growth. It sprouts late and therefore usually escapes the spring frosts. The grape variety is very susceptible to the grapevine diseases powdery mildew (also called oidium ), downy mildew , eutypiosis and anthracnose . The thickness of the berry skin protects against gray mold rot ; the berries can therefore ripen for a long time on the cane and are easy to transport. Transportability in particular is an important factor in the field of table grapes.

The grapes ripen from early to mid-October, physiologically about 20 days later than those of the Gutedel .

Synonyms

The Sultana grape variety is also known by other 138 names: Ag Kishmis, Ag Kishmish, Ag Kismis Oval, Ag Kismisi, Ag Oval Kishmish, Ag Oval Kismis, Ak Kishmish, Akouno, Avtobi, Banati, Banati Abiad, Banati Abyad, Bealo Bez Seme , Bedona, Beneti Blanc, Besseme Byale Edro, Bessemiannyi, Bessemyannyi, Beyaz Kismisi, Bez Seme Belo, Bidane, Bidane Khoram, Bidane Qermez, Bidane Quermez Qazvin, Bidane Qurvah, Bidane Sefid, Bidane Sefid Qazvin, Bidehhelme, Bidehhelme, Bidehidzan Sultani Blanc, Kechmish Jaune, Kechmish Jaune a Grains Oblongs, Keshmeshi, Keshmeshi Sefid, Keshmish Blanc, Keshmishi Sefid Quchan, Khurmayi, Kichmich Blanc Ovale, Kichmichi, Kis Mis Alb, Kishmish, Kishmish Alb, Kishmish Belye ish Belyi, Kishmish Belyi Ovalnyi, Kishmish Blanc, Kishmish Indiiskii, Kishmish Indiyski, Kishmish Ovalnyi, Kishmish Safed, Kishmish Safet, Kishmish Safid, Kishmish Safy, Kishmish Kishis Kishi, Kishmishis Kishmishi, Kishmish Kishmishi, Beljisishi, Beljisishi, Beljisishi, Beljisishiismii , Kismis Belii Ovalny, Kismis Jeltii, Kismis Safet, Kismis Safet Okruglai, Kismisi Beyaz, Kouforrogo, Lady Decoverly, Maisi, Maizi, Murray River Pinot, Negotalea, Oval Kishmish, Perzsiai Feher, Pusa Seedless, Shary Kishelish, Roumined, Santonishina Khani, Shindukhani, Sin Hueso, Sin Pu Tao, Sin Semilla, Sirihi Sultani, Soultani, Soultania, Soultanina, Soultanina Aspri, Soultanina Razakia, Staphida Aspri, Sultana, Sultana Sidless, Sultani, Sultani Beyaz, Sultani Cekirdeksiziz, Sultani Cekirdeksiziz, Sultani Sultanina Alba, Sultanina Bela, Sultanina Bianca, Sultanina Bijela, Sultanina Blanche, Sultanine, Sultanine Bijela, Sultanine Blanche, Sultaniye, Sultaniye Kinalyi, Sultany, Summit, Szultan Szoelloe, Szultan Szoeloe, S zultania, Tchekirdeksis, Tchekirdeksiz Uzum, Thompson Seedless, Tompson Sidles, Tsimpimpo, Turqui, Uva de Passa, Wuhebai .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV): Main Varieties distribution in the world. In: OIV Focus 2017 , p. 2
  2. ↑ W. Siegfried / H. Jüstrich: gibberellin tests in 2007 in viticulture. In: Swiss Journal for Fruit and Viticulture (SZOW), Wädenswil, No. 10, 2008, pp. 4–7.
  3. ^ Sultana (grape variety) in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English)

Web links

literature