Inkhundla

Inkhundla (plural: tinkhundla , Siswati ) is a middle-order administrative unit in Swaziland . It forms the step between the region (Siswati: Tifundza teSwatini ) and the smaller umphakatsi (chief district; English chiefdom ). There are 59 Tinkhundla in Swaziland: 15 in the Hhohho region , 11 in Lubombo , 18 in Manzini and 15 in Shiselweni . According to the constitution of Swaziland, the government is “democratic, participatory and based on the Tinkhundla system”, whereby a transfer of state power from the central government to the Tinkhundla areas is carried out and individual honesty is the criterion for election and appointment to public office is. The system is not partisan as the constitution does not recognize political parties. Each Inkhundla selects a representative in the House of Assembly of Eswatini , the lower house of the bicameral - Parliament of Swaziland (Libandla). This system of government was designed by King Sobhuza II with the help of political scientists and lawyers. It has been in use since 1978 and was adapted in the early 1990s.

history

The Tinkhundla system came into being after the Second World War . Prince Dabede from the royal residence Gundvwini and Ndvuna Mfundza John Brightwell Sukati from the royal residence Zabeni are considered "inventors" . They came from 1945 to 1946 from the battlefields home and told King Sobhuza II. On their experiences and observations them in the course of their operations in campaigns of the United Kingdom armed forces along the coasts of Africa in the areas between Durban and Tripoli in North Africa gathered had. They recommended that to rebuild Swaziland's economy, community centers called Tinkhundla should be set up to assist the king in developing the country. At the same time, national security strategies should be introduced.

In 1977 the Delimitation Commission , chosen by King Sobhuza II, recommended the establishment of 22 Tinkhundla. The first Tinkhundla were led by Tindvuna teTinkhundla , who were all veterans (umsizi) of the war and had been personally selected by Sobhuza II.

In 1979 more Tinkhundla were founded, so that 40 units were created because it became clear that most of the people did not attend the regular meetings. In 1993, on the recommendation of the Delimitation Commission (appointed by King Mswati III ), additional Tinkhundla were created. This commission came about after Consultative Commissions (Vuselas) had been carried out, which involved the population and were headed by Prince Masitsela, Prince Mahlalengangeni and Prince Guduza.

Sovereign tasks

The system seeks to decentralize state power to the Tinkhundla, while individual merit serves as the basis for election and appointment to office. The Tinkhundla are supposed to promote the development and establishment of the local society ( grassroots level ) and to shape relationships and cooperation between the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). They also form the connection between the communities and the government, pass on the guidelines of the government to the local level and thus serve to harmonize society.

The "Ministry of Tinkhundla Administration and Development" has the task of facilitating development and expansion and of supporting the work of the Tinkhundla and umphakatsi.

Economic role

The Tinkhundla Centers are intended to promote economic growth by supporting their own projects through the Tinkhundla Empowerment Fund . The budget initially included 70,000 Emalangeni (SZL) per Inkhundla and year, but was increased to 130,000 SZL (around 8,000 euros in 2019).

List of Tinkhundla

Hhohho region Hhukwini Lobamba Madlangempisi Maphalaleni Mayiwane Mbabane East Mbabane West Mhlangatane Motjane Ndzingeni Nkhaba Ntfonjeni Piggs Peak Siphocosini Timphisini New since January 2018: Siphocosini	Lubombo region Dvokodvweni Hlane Lomahasha Lubuli Lugongolweni Matsanjeni North Mhlume Mpolonjeni Nkilongo Siphofaneni Sithobela New since January 2018: Gilgal	Manzini region Ekukhanyeni Hlambanyatsi Kwaluseni Lamgabhi Lobamba Lomdzala Ludzeludze Mafutseni Mahlangatsha Mangcongco Manzini North Manzini South Mhlambanyatsi Mkhiweni Mtfongwaneni Ngwempisi Nhlambeni Ntondozi New since January 2018: Nkhomiyahlaba Phondo	Shiselweni region Gege Hosea Kubuta Kumethula Maseyisini Matsanjeni South Mtsambama Ngudzeni Nkwene Sandleni Shiselweni I Shiselweni II Sigwe Somntongo Zombodze New since January 2018: Mashayekhatsi

See also

• Swaziland's political system
• Elections in Swaziland 2018

Web links

• Tinkhundla in the Constitution of Swaziland
• Ministry of Tinkhundla Administration website
• Map of the Tinkhundla (as of 2018)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Swaziland Govt: Historical Background . Swaziland Government. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
2. ↑ Ministry of Tinkhundla Administration. (English), accessed April 24, 2019
3. ^ Swaziland Govt: Conduct of Elections . Swaziland Government. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
4. ↑ ^{a b} http://www.gov.sz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=185&Itemid=219
5. ↑ http://www.gov.sz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=188&Itemid=222
6. ↑ http://www.gov.sz/index.php?option=com_content&id=172&Itemid=210
7. ↑ http://www.gov.sz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=187&Itemid=221
8. ↑ Mbono Mdluli: We reveal the five new Tinkhundla Centers. Swazi Observer, January 26, 2018.