Common cornice lily

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Common cornice lily
Tofieldia calyculata habit.jpg

Common field lily ( Tofieldia calyculata )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Frog-spoon-like (Alismatales)
Family : Corn lily family (Tofieldiaceae)
Genre : Ledge lilies ( Tofieldia )
Type : Common cornice lily
Scientific name
Tofieldia calyculata
( L. ) Elections b.

The common cornflower ( Tofieldia calyculata ) is a species of the Tofieldiaceae family . It is also called calyx lily or hull lily. The scientific name calyculata is derived from calyculus , the diminution of calyx = cup.

The common name refers to the similarity with representatives of the genus Simsen ( Scirpus ).

description

The perennial herbaceous plant reaches heights of between 10 and 30 cm. The basal sheets are riding, linear, sword-shaped and long pointed, have 4 to 10 longitudinal nerves and are between 5 and 10 centimeters long and 4 and 8 millimeters wide. The stem is upright and has one to three stem leaves that are increasingly smaller towards the top.

inflorescence
inflorescence

The inflorescence is a generally cylindrical, loose on the base grape , is 3-10 centimeters long and consists of 15 to 40 flowers together. The flowers are short stalked, each in the axilla of a foliage-like, undivided, egg-shaped to lanceolate bract and are surrounded at the base by a three-lobed, calyx-like cover sheet . The light greenish yellow bracts are 2 to 3.5 millimeters long. The flower contains six stamens and an ovary with three stigmas. The multi-seeded capsule is 3 to 3.5 millimeters long, ovate to spherical-ovoid, angular. The seeds are 0.7 millimeters long, oblong, brownish in color and have long edges.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28 or 30.

ecology

The common cornflower lily is a hemicryptophyte and a half-rosette plant or a swamp plant with a rhizome .

The flowers are " nectar- bearing disc flowers". Pollinators are bees , hoverflies and other insects . Because of the protruding stamens , wind pollination is also possible, and because of the long-lasting stigma , spontaneous self- pollination is also possible if there is no cross- pollination . The flowering period extends from June to August.

The fruits are multi-seeded capsules that open like flaps at the top when dry and act as wind spreaders. The light, spindle-shaped seeds are spread out as granular fliers or they attach themselves to animals in damp weather . Fruit ripening is from August to October.

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the common rush lily extends from Gotland and Estonia southwards to the Pyrenees, Montenegro and central Ukraine, with a focus on the high mountains. Accordingly, it has its main distribution in Germany in the Alps and in the Alpine foothills. The species is rare further north; most of the deposits are extinct. In Austria the common railing lily is common and from collin (rare) to subalpine. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to the Rappenseehütte in Bavaria up to 2100 meters above sea level.

The common ledge lily is bound to lime and grows on moist meadows, spring meadows, moist rocky slopes and in fens . This type is considered a tone pointer. It is a character species of the Caricion davallianae association, but also occurs in Molinion associations and Sesleria albicans associations .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e Karl Suessenguth: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Founded by Gustav Hegi . Volume II: Monocotyledones, Part II. JF Lehmanns, Munich / Berlin 1939, pp. 238-239.
  2. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 122 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 1032 .
  4. ↑ a b c W. T. Stearn: Tofieldia. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X , pp. 15 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  5. ↑ a b c d Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes . 11th edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07613-X , p. 210 .
  6. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  7. ↑ Common cornflower lily. In: FloraWeb.de.
  8. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 331.

Web links

Commons : Common cornflower ( Tofieldia calyculata )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files