Cornice lilies
| Cornice lilies | ||||||||||||
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Common cornice lily ( Tofieldia calyculata ), left (A), and common cornflower lily ( Tofieldia pusilla ), right (B); illustration |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Tofieldia | ||||||||||||
| Huds. |
The cornice lilies ( Tofieldia ) are a genus of the cornice lily plants (Tofieldiaceae). The twelve or so species thrive in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere .
description
The cornice lilies are perennial herbaceous plants with a rhizome. Their two-line leaves are narrow, sword-shaped and riding like the irises ( irises ).
The flowers are terminally on the stem in ear-like , racemose , rarely paniculate inflorescences . They are stalked or almost sessile. The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold. The six haltenbaren bloom are fused at their base. The six stamens have bare stamens. The three carpels are downward to an egg-shaped ovary adherent and free up; they end in three short, permanent styles. The spherical to ellipsoidal capsule fruits open with sutures when ripe. The numerous seeds are small.
Systematics
The genus Tofieldia was established in 1778 by William Hudson in his Flora Anglica , 2nd edition, page 157 (175). Synonyms for Tofieldia Huds. are: Isidrogalvia Ruiz & Pav. nom. superfl., Cymba Dulac nom. superflat., Asphodeliris Möhring ex Kuntze nom. superfl., Narthecium Gérard nom. rej ., Heriteria cabinet , Hebelia C.C. Gmel . , Conradia Raf. , Leptilix Raf.
The first species from this genus was published by Carl von Linné in his work Species Plantarum , Volume 1, Page 311 in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Anthericum calyculatum . Since Hudson mentions this species when publishing the genus Tofieldia , this is the type species of the genus Tofieldia . In Great Britain - the area of the Flora Anglica of Hudson - only one species of the genus Tofieldia occurs, it is now called Tofieldia pusilla . It was first published in 1803 by André Michaux under the Basionym Narthecium pusillum and was placed in the genus Tofieldia in 1805 by Christian Hendrik Persoon . It was not until Göran Wahlenberg in his Flora Lapponica 1812 that the Tofieldia calyculata was formally placed in this new genus Tofieldia . During this time, when there were still no strict nomenclature rules, Hudson created the name Tofieldia palustris for his new genus , although he would have chosen the name Tofiedia calyculata . So Tofiedia palustris is a superfluous and illegitimate name. In 1806 Karl Christian Gmelin created a similarly superfluous name for the Tofieldia calyculata , Hebelia allemannica (in Flora Badensis-Alsatica , Volume 2, page 117), because he gave his friend Johann Peter Hebel , the poet and admirer of the Alemannic dialect, wanted to dedicate this species., This name is also incorrect.
The genus Tofieldia includes about twelve species:
- Common field lily ( Tofieldia calyculata (L.) Wahlenb. ): It is common in Europe from Sweden to the Pyrenees and Ukraine .
- Tofieldia cernua Sm . : Itspreadsfrom Siberia to Russia's Far East .
- Tofieldia coccinea Richardson : It is distributed with two subspecies and seven varieties from Siberia to Japan and Korea, the Aleutian Islands and Canada.
- Tofieldia divergens Bureau & Franch. : It thrives at altitudes of 1,000 to 4,300 meters in the Chinese provinces of western Guizhou, southwestern Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Tofieldia furusei (Hiyama) MNTamura & Fuse : It occurs only on the Japanese island of Honshu .
- Tofieldia glabra Nutt. : It occurs in the US states of North Carolina and South Carolina .
- Tofieldia himalaica Baker : It is common in the central and eastern Himalayas.
- Tofieldia nuda Maxim. : It occurs on the Japanese islands of Honshu and Kyushu .
- Tofieldia okuboi Makino : It is widespread in Japan and the Kuriles.
- Small ledge lily ( Tofieldia pusilla (Michx.) Pers. ): It is widespread in the northern hemisphere.
- Tofieldia thibetica Franch. : It thrives at altitudes of 700 to 2300 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan.
- Tofieldia yoshiiana Makino : It is distributed in three varieties in Korea and southern Japan.
- The nature hybrid Tofieldia × hybrida A. Kern. ex ash. & Graebn. from Tofieldia calyculata × Tofieldia pusilla occurs in the Alps in Austria and Italy.
Name declaration
Hudson named the genus Tofieldia in honor of Thomas Tofield (1730–1779), an English hydraulic engineer and botanist. From 1765–1777 he worked on the drainage of marshland and marshland and thus got to know the flora of such biotopes.
literature
- William Thomas Stearn : Tofieldia Hudson . In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin et al .: Flora Europaea . Volume 5, pages 15-16. Cambridge University Press 1980. ISBN 0-521-20108-X
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Tofieldia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 28, 2016.
- ^ R. Wisskirchen, H. Haeupler: Standard list of fern and flowering plants in Germany . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3360-1 , p. 524.
- ↑ M. Voggesberger: Tofieldia Hudson 1778. In: O. Sebald et al .: The ferns and flowering plants of Baden-Wuerttemberg. Volume 7, pages 95-98, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3316-4
- ↑ a b c Chen Xinqi 陈心启, Minoru N. Tamura: Tofieldia. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 , pp. 76 (English, online ).
- ↑ a b Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymic plant names . Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2016. ISBN 978-3-946292-10-4 . doi : 10.3372 / epolist2016 .
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