Tomasz Łubieński
Tomasz Andrzej Adam Łubieński Herb Pomian (born December 24, 1784 in Szczytniki District Kalisz , † August 27, 1870 in Warsaw ) was baron of the First Empire , Polish general , senator- castellan of the Congress of Poland in 1829, entrepreneur and Prussian count .
Life
Childhood and youth
Tomasz was the second child of nine siblings. His father Feliks Łubieński (1758–1848) was Minister of Justice of the Duchy of Warsaw. His mother Tekla Teresa Bieliński (1767–1810) was a well-known poet and playwright and acted as a translator. At the age of six, Tomasz Łubieński was enrolled in the cadet school of the national cavalry corps and two years later promoted to ensign and trained in fencing and riding for the next few years . In 1801 he worked for the Polish Society in Vienna , where he took music and dance lessons for a few months . He then worked in the commercial office of the Warsaw family company founded by his paternal uncle, Antoni Protazy Potocki , who came from the Potocki family.
Military career
In 1806 - after the French invaded the Grand Duchy of Warsaw - Tomasz Łubieński joined the Polish Honor Guard for Napoleon , which was composed of the aristocratic Polish youth. On December 12, 1805, he married Konstanzja Ossolinski (1783–1868), who brought a strong dowry in the form of assets and land in the Chełm area into the marriage. The son Napoleon Leon, born in the following year, came from this marriage.
On October 14, 1806, he committed himself to armed service in the French army and took over the 1st Chevauleger regiment of the light Polish Uhlans of the Imperial Guard , with whom he took part in the Battle of Pułtusk on December 26 . In 1808 he fought with his Uhlans in Spain and took part in the Battle of Somosierra . On April 5, 1809, he received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor and fought with his Polish cavalry in the battle of Essling (May 22) and Wagram (July 6). The Polish Legion was assigned to Marshal Oudinot's corps, took part in the Russian campaign, and Lubienski was made baron of the Empire by Napoleon after his service in the Battle of the Beresina . In 1813 he fought near Kulm, in the Battle of Dresden , in the Battle of Nations near Leipzig and near Hanau . On March 15, 1814, he was promoted to Brigadier General in the French Army. In 1815 he received the rank of major general in the Polish army and was commissioned to regulate the financial budget of the Polish troops in the French army service. In the same year he was first awarded the Order Świętego Stanisława II ( Order of St. Stanisław II ). Due to disagreements with the Russian governor, Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich , he resigned from military service in 1816 and became primarily a politician and entrepreneur.
In the November uprising
As a senator, he signed after the November Uprising in Warsaw on January 25, 1831 the following year the act of dethronement of Czar Nicholas I . General Joseph Chlopicki and Ignacy Prądzyński accused him of treason after he refused to attack cavalry at the Battle of Grochów (February 25). On June 1st he was appointed lieutenant general and took over the organization and supply of the capital. On August 19, the Russian army under Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich began the siege of the capital Warsaw. On August 20, Polish troops under Łubieński advanced towards Płock , breached the encirclement of the capital and brought urgently needed supplies back to Warsaw. In order to use his former diplomatic channels, he was commissioned on September 8th to organize the negotiations for the surrender of Warsaw with Paskiewitsch. The members of the Patriotic Association of Warsaw and other political opponents criticized Lubienski several times and accused him of having pushed General Rybinski to resign and of sabotaging the uprising of the Polish people. Because of his past and because of his vision of the political situation in Poland under Russian suzerainty, he reached an audience with Tsar Nicholas I in Moscow on November 24, 1831.
The entrepreneur
In civil life, Tomasz Łubieński took on important economic and political activities. In 1825 he was a co-founder of the Landes Kredit-Gesellschaft and took an active part in the organization of its provincial branches, from 1826 to 1828 he was then one of the institute's directors. His mentor in doing business was his experienced brother Henryk, one of the organizers and president of Bank Polska. Lubienski and his brother founded a factory for the manufacture of steam engines under the name "Bracia Łubieńscy" in 1830 and another in the Guzowski Ruda region in Mazovia in 1827 . In 1839 he traveled to London to gain new business contracts, in which he participated. He tried to finance the Warsaw-Vienna railway line and was the construction director of this railway line from 1840 to 1841. He retired from active life to Warsaw after his brother Henryk Lubienski was charged with serious bank fraud and sentenced to four years in prison. To help his brother, and above all to save the family's honor, he covered his brother's debts. During the revival of the Poles' national hopes from 1861 to 1863, he was already too sick to participate actively in public life.
literature
- Stefan Kieniewicz, Łubieński Tomasz Andrzej Adam w: " Polski Słownik Biograficzny " T. XVII, 1973, ss. 502-505
- Marian Brandys, Koniec świata szwoleżerów , t. 1-5, Warszawa 1974-1977
- Marian Brandys, Kozietulski i inni , Warszawa 1982, ISBN 83-207-0463-4
- Maryan Kukiel, Dzieje oręża polskiego w epopei napoleońskiej , Poznań 1912
Web links
- http://kalinowski.weebly.com/uploads/4/9/1/6/4916495/malzenstwo_hrabiow_tomasza_andrzeja_adama_i_konstancji_marianny_apoloni_lubienskich_w_rejowcu.pdf
- Marek Jerzy Minakowski - Genealogia Potomków Sejmu Wielkiego - Serwis genealogiczny
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Łubieński, Tomasz |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Łubieński, Tomasz Andrzej Adam |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish general and entrepreneur |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 24, 1784 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Szczytniki |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 27, 1870 |
| Place of death | Warsaw |