Tosny (noble family)

Tosny (in England also Toeny , Tonei , Toni and Tony ) was a family of the Norman nobility who themselves did not come from Normandy . She played a prominent role in the duchy from the 10th to the 12th centuries without ever being honored with a count or vice count title.

origin

Normandy in the second half of the 11th century with the most important castles of Tosny

The Tosny are certainly from the Île-de-France , although Ordericus Vitalis reported at the beginning of the 12th century that the family descended from Malahulce, an uncle of Rollos .

The progenitor is Hugo de Calvacamp. In 942 his son Hugo, a monk in the Abbey of Saint-Denis , was appointed Archbishop of Reims ; Presumably in his wake, the family then settled in Normandy. Shortly after Hugo's death, Raoul I. de Tosny was so well established that his name was included in a treaty between Duke Richard I and the English King Æthelred in 991 . His grandson Raoul II. De Tosny was one of the great barons in the area of William the Conqueror . It is noteworthy that among the marriages that the family was able to conclude with high-ranking nobles is that with Baldwin of Boulogne , the first king of Jerusalem .

Tosny's power comes from two sources:

The appropriation of church property. According to Lucien Musset , Archbishop Hugo provided his family with real estate from the property of the Church
The transfer of property by the Duke, especially Richard II.

In addition, the Tosny are among the first Normans to increase their wealth through military operations abroad: Raoul I in Apulia and Roger I de Tosny in Spain . Raoul II. De Tosny finally took part in the conquest of England , for which he was rewarded by the new English King William the Conqueror : the baronies of Flamstead in Hertfordshire and Wrethamthorpe in Norfolk are the most important gifts. Nevertheless, the Tosny do not seem to have played a major role in England. In Normandy, on the other hand, the turmoil occurs after the death of Wilhelm and during the English Civil War from 1135 to 1154 . Still, the 12th century brought a decline in the family. In 1204 Roger IV. De Tosny lost all of his continental possessions in the course of the conquest of Normandy by France and had to retreat to England. There the family died out in the male line in 1309.

Master list (extract)

10-11 century

Hugo de Calvacamp
1. Raoul, “potentissimus vir”
  1. Raoul , 1014 called "de Todeniaco" (Tosny)
    1. Roger I. de Tosny (Roger de Conches), X probably 1040; ∞ I NN, daughter of Raimund Borrell I , Count of Barcelona and Ermesinde of Carcassonne; ∞ II Godehildis, the second husband, Count Richard of Evreux married
      1. (I) Helbert, X probably 1040
      2. (I) Herlinand, X probably 1040
      3. (I) Raoul II. De Tosny (Raoul de Conches), † 1102, Lord of Flamstead and Clifford (Herefordshire) ; ∞ Elisabeth de Montfort, daughter of Simon I of Montfort , ( Montfort-l'Amaury house )
        
        Roger II. De Tosny, † probably 1091
        
        Raoul III. de Tosny (Raoul de Conches), † probably 1126; ∞ Alice, † after 1126, daughter of Waltheof II., Earl of Northumbria - for descendants see below
        
        Godehilde, † 1097; ∞ I Robert I. de Beaumont , 1081 Earl of Meulan , 1087 1st Earl of Leicester , † 1118; ∞ II Baldwin I de Boulogne , 1100 King of Jerusalem
      4. (I) Adeliza (Alice); ∞ William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford , X 1071
      5. (I) Berthe; ∞ Guy I. de Laval ( Laval House )
      6. (I) Robert de Tosny (Robert de Stafford), Lord of Stafford , † probably 1088 - descendants † after 1221
2. Hugo, † 989/89, 942/989 Archbishop of Rouen

12-13 century

Raoul III. de Tosny (Roger de Conches), † probably 1126; ∞ Alice, † after 1126, daughter of Waltheof II, Earl of Northumbria - ancestors see above
1. Roger III de Tosny , † after 1158; ∞ Gertrud von Hennegau, daughter of Count Balduin III.
  1. Raoul IV. De Tosny (Raoul de Conches), † 1162; ∞ Marguerite de Beaumont, daughter of Robert II. De Beaumont , 2nd Earl of Leicester ( House of Beaumont )
    1. Roger IV. De Tosny (Roger de Conches), † after 1208; ∞ Constance de Beaumont, daughter of Richard I, Viscount de Beaumont-au-Maine
      1. Raoul V. de Toeni, † 1239; ∞ Pernel de Lacy, † after 1288, daughter of Walter de Lacy , she married Guillaume de Saint-Omer , † after 1265
        Roger V., † 1263/64; ∞ I Alice de Bohun, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford , 1st Earl of Essex ( House Bohun ); ∞ II Isabel
        (II) Raoul VI., † before 1295; ∞ Mary
        
        Sir Robert, 1299 Lord Tony, † 1309; ∞ Maud, daughter of Malise, 6th Earl of Strathearn
        
        Alice, † 1324/1325; ∞ I Thomas de Leyburn, † before 1307; ∞ II Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick , † 1315 ( Beauchamp (family, Worcester) ); ∞ III William la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche of Mortimer , † 1337
      2. Marguerite, † after 1246; ∞ Malcolm, 4th Earl of Fife , † 1228
  2. Baudouin de Tosny, † 1170 - offspring in Hainaut
2. Godehilde; ∞ Robert de Neufbourg , † 1159 ( Beaumont House )

Individual evidence

↑ The chronicler is here either reproducing circulating rumors or Tosny's efforts to also acquire Scandinavian ancestors

literature

Lucien Musset : Aux origines d'une classe dirigeante. Les Tosny, grands barons normands du Xe au XIIe siècle . In: Francia . 5, 1977, ISSN 0251-3609 , pp. 45-80 (also special print).
Detlev Schwennicke: European family tables . Volume III.4 (1989), plates 705-706.

[1] The chronicler is here either reproducing circulating rumors or Tosny's efforts to also acquire Scandinavian ancestors