Trachyandra

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Trachyandra
Trachyandra ciliata

Trachyandra ciliata

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Grass trees (Xanthorrhoeaceae)
Subfamily : Affodilla family (Asphodeloideae)
Genre : Trachyandra
Scientific name
Trachyandra
Kunth

Trachyandra is a genus of plants from the subfamily of the Affodill family (Asphodeloideae). The botanical name of the genus is derived from the Greek words trachys for 'rough' and andros for 'man' and refers to the rough stamens of the species. The main focus of their distribution are the winter rain areas of the Cape area in South Africa. Most of the species are geophytic succulents .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The species of the genus Trachyandra are variable, perennial , bald to glandular rosette plants . They are leaf succulent , stemless and geophytic or grow shrubby and reach a height of up to 2 meters. The rhizome is bulbous or formed as upright rhizomes . The spindle-shaped or fibrous roots are stem-round. The upright trunk is woody and covered with leaf bases. The leaves are bifold or all the same. Their leaf blades are flat or triangular to petal-round, often linear-band-shaped and only rarely longitudinally furrowed, straight or wavy.

Inflorescences and flowers

The inflorescence is racemose or occasionally panicle . The flower stem is covered with bracts. The individual flowers are spread out to pendulous. The wheel-shaped inflorescence is often bent back later. The six white to mauve tepals are arranged in two rows. The outer tepals are narrower than the inner tepals. The six stamens are fused with the perigone base. Their stamens are rough, the anthers dorsifix and intrors. The spherical, upper ovary is triple. The stylus is round and the stigma is head-shaped .

Fruits and seeds

The fruits are spherical loculicidal capsule fruits . They contain gray-brown, smooth to warty seeds that become sticky.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Trachyandra is widespread in Africa and there mostly in the southwest of South Africa.

The first description of the genus trachyandra was made in 1843 by Karl Sigismund Kunth . The type species of the genus is Trachyandra hispida . According to Anna Amelia Obermeyer , the genre is divided into three sections :

  • Trachyandra section
  • Section Glandulifera Oberm.
  • Section Liriothamnus (Schltr.) Oberm.

The genus Trachyandra includes the following species:

Synonyms for Trachyandra Kunth are Dilanthes Salisb. (1866) and Liriothamnus Schltr. (1924).

proof

literature

To the genus
  • Ernst Jacobus van Jaarsveld : Trachyandra . In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon. Monocotyledons . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3662-7 , pp. 255-256 .
  • A. Amelia Obermeyer: A revision of the South African species of Anthericum, Chlorophytum and Trachyandra . In: Bothalia . Volume 7, Number 4, 1962, pp. 669-767. ( PDF )
  • AA Obermeyer: (672) Proposal to Conserve 985a Trachyandra Kunth (1843) against Trachinema Rafinesque and Lepicaulon Rafinesque (1837) [Liliaceae] . In: Taxon . Volume 31, Number 3, 1982, p. 569 ( JSTOR 1220700 ).
  • Gideon F. Smith, Ben-Erik Van Wyk: Asphodelaceae . In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Volume 3: Flowering Plants, Monocotyledons, Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 1998, ISBN 3-540-64060-6 , pp. 136-137.
First descriptions since 1962
  • JS Boatwright, JC Manning: Notes on the genus Trachyandra (Asphodelaceae: Asphodeloideae) 1: A review of the T. thyrsoidea group (Section Trachyandra), including three new species from the Northern Cape . In: South African Journal of Botany . Volume 76, Number 3, 2010, pp. 499-510 ( doi: 10.1016 / j.sajb.2010.03.007 ).
  • JC Manning: A new species of Trachyandra section Liriothamnus (Asphodelaceae) from the Richtersveld . In: South African Journal of Botany . Volume 56, Number 1, 1990, pp. 1-5.
  • JC Manning, P. Goldblatt: Trachyandra arenicola and T. montana, two new species from South Africa . In: Bothalia . Volume 37, No. 1, 2007, pp. 26-31. ( PDF )
  • PL Perry: A new species of Trachyandra section Trachyandra (Asphodelaceae) from the Western Cape . In: South African Journal of Botany . Vol. 56, 1990, pp. 257-260.
  • M. Thulin: Trachyandra triquetra (Asphodelaceae), a new species from the Horn of Africa . In: Nordic Journal of Botany . Volume 15, 1995, pp. 571-573.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Urs Eggli (Ed.): Sukkulenten-Lexikon. Monocotyledons . P. 255.
  2. ↑ Enumeratio plantarum omnium hucusque cognitarum, secundum familias naturales disposita, adjectis characteribus, differentiis, et synonymis . Volume 4, Stuttgart 1843, pp. 573-574 ( online ).
  3. ^ A. Amelia Obermeyer: A revision of the South African species of Anthericum, Chlorophytum and Trachyandra . In: Bothalia . Volume 7, Number 4, 1962, p. 717.
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Trachyandra. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 26, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Trachyandra  - collection of images, videos and audio files