Transamund II (Spoleto)

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Transamund II (also Transemund, Thrasimund, Thrasamund ; † 745 ) was three times from 719/720 to 739, from 740 to 742 and from 744 to 745 dux of the Longobard Duchy of Spoleto . His rule was shaped by the striving for autonomy against royalty.

Life

Transamund II was the son of dux Faroald II of Spoleto. He revolted against his father in 719/720, seized the ducat and banished Faroald to a monastery. He donated the Church of Sancti Gethulii in Farfa .

Transamund II submitted to King Liutprands around 727 and made him an oath of allegiance. Transamund conquered the Gallese castle in 737 or 738 , thereby breaking the connection between the exarchate and Rome. Pope Gregory III who saw Transamund as a useful ally or threatening opponent, and Transamund, who saw his independence threatened by the king, formed an alliance. For a large ransom, Transamund handed Gallese over to the Pope and promised not to fight against Rome anymore. As a result, he came into conflict with Liutprand's expansive policy, who saw him as a rebel and a traitor because he had not given up his goal of taking Rome. Dux Godescalc of Benevento had succeeded his deceased nephew Gregorius without the king's consent and also joined the alliance. Liutprand advanced with an army in 739, and Transamund fled to Rome. In June 739, Liutprand deployed Hilderic as dux in Spoleto . Liutprand moved to Rome and unsuccessfully asked the Pope to extradite Transamund. He pillaged the area around Rome and conquered the castles Ameria ( Amelia ), Horta ( Orte ), Polimartium ( Bomarzo ) and Bieda ( Blera ), which he incorporated into the Longobard Empire before he withdrew again in August.

In December 740, Transamund returned to Spoleto, supported by troops from the ducats of Rome and Benevento, and killed Hilderic, who was employed by Liutprand. However, he refused to return the four castles conquered by Liutprand, which ended the alliance with Rome. After Pope Gregory's death in November 741, Pope Zacharias began negotiations with King Liutprand. In exchange for the surrender of the controversial forts, troops of the Roman ducat took part in the subjugation of Spoleto. Liutprand's advancing army was attacked in 742 between Fanum ( Fano ) and Forum Simphronii ( Fossombrone ) by a Spoletan-Byzantine army. Dux Ratchis of Friuli and his brother Aistulf brought up the rear with their men and covered the advance. Liutprand managed to depose Transamund and force him to go to the monastery. The duchy gave Liutprand to his nephew Agiprand . Transamund's ally Godescalc was killed by the Beneventers while fleeing.

After Liutprand's death in 744, Transamund regained power in Spoleto, but as early as 745 dux Lupus was his successor under unknown circumstances.

swell

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Historia Langobardorum  - Sources and full texts (Latin)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Historia Langobardorum VI, 44
  2. ↑ Chronicon Farfense , Vol. I, p. 147 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3Dilchroniconfarfe01greg~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D147~double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
  3. ↑ Hartmann, Geschichte Italiens im Mittelalter Vol. 2.2, Gotha 1903, p. 132
  4. ↑ a b Hartmann, Geschichte Italiens im Mittelalter Vol. 2.2, Gotha 1903, S. 137 f.
  5. ↑ a b Historia Langobardorum VI, 55
  6. ↑ a b Hartmann, Geschichte Italiens im Mittelalter Vol. 2.2, Gotha 1903, p. 139 ff.
  7. ^ Historia Langobardorum VI, 56
  8. ↑ Historia Langobardorum VI, 57
  9. ↑ Hartmann: History of Italy in the Middle Ages, Vol. 2.2, Gotha 1903, p. 146 f.
predecessor Office successor
Faroald II. Duke of Spoleto
719 / 720–739 		Hilderic
Hilderic Duke of Spoleto
740-742 		Agiprand
Agiprand Duke of Spoleto
744-745 		Lupus
personal data
SURNAME Transamund II.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Transemund; Thrasimund; Thrasamund
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke, dux of Spoleto
DATE OF BIRTH 7th century
DATE OF DEATH 745