Chiatura
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Chiatura ჭიათურა |
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| State : |
 Georgia
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| Region : | Imereti | ||
| Municipality : | Chiatura | ||
| Coordinates : | 42 ° 17 ′ N , 43 ° 17 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 149 m. ü. M. | ||
| Residents : | 12,803 (2014) | ||
| Time zone : | Georgian Time (UTC + 4) | ||
| Postal code : | 5500 | ||
| Community type: | city | ||
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Chiatura ( Georgian ჭიათურა ) is a city in Georgia . The town has been characterized by mining since the end of the 19th century.
geography
It is located in the Imereti region , at the foot of the Greater Caucasus on the Qwirila River, at an altitude of 149 m above sea level.
Chiatura has 12,803 inhabitants (2014). Since 1992 the gas, water and electricity supply in Chiatura had collapsed. Electricity has been back since 2004. The gas and water supply network is now completely rotten. Water flows for about 30 minutes every three to five days. Drinking water must be brought in canisters from springs and a few wells in the city. Apartments, even in high-rise buildings, are heated with wood stoves. Due to the situation, the number of inhabitants has almost halved.
history
Chiatura means literally translated: "A worm or none" and comes from the well-known Georgian author Akaki Tsereteli , who is said to have made this saying while looking at the winding streets and thus given the city its name.
Since the end of the 19th century it was a center of manganese ore mining , which also led to the construction of the Sestaponi – Satschchere railway, which reached the city in 1895. At that time it was a narrow-gauge railway , which later on the customary broad gauge umgespurt was. Before the First World War , Chiatura was the largest manganese ore mining center in the world. The share in world volume was almost 40%, the share in world exports was over 50%. From 1879 almost all fields were in the hands of German companies. These included the Oberhausen Gutehoffnungshütte , the Friedrich Krupp AG , the Schalker Mine and Hüttenverein, the Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-Aktien-Gesellschaft and the Hamburg Caucasian Mine Association . Most of the exported manganese ore was processed in Germany until 1914 . After the October Revolution it was used to build up Soviet and regional heavy industry. Today the originally high-quality deposits are almost exhausted.
On August 28, 1924, the city was the starting point of the August uprising in Georgia , the last major rebellion against the rule of the Bolsheviks in the southern Caucasus.
culture and education
In Chiatura there is the Tsereteli State Theater, ten schools, a faculty of the Georgian Technical University and the Mgvimewi Cathedral (10th to 11th centuries).
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The Georgian Railway, Sakartvelos Rkinigsa , operated in passenger traffic , the city daily with two pairs of trains between Sachkhere and Kutaisi run and the main route Poti-Baku connect.
An important means of public transport in the city were the cable cars operated by the mining company , which met at various cable car stations. They connected the residential quarters on the steep slopes of the valley with the valley. Of the former 26 passenger ropeways and over 50 material ropeways, 11 passenger and 7 material ropeways were still in operation in 2018. After the last two passenger railways were shut down for safety reasons in August 2019, only five material railways remained in operation. A restart of three passenger railways after renovation is not expected until 2021 at the earliest. Giorgi Pantsulaia planned and built 24 of the cable cars for passenger and 50 for material transport.
In 2008 the trolleybus operation in the city was stopped.
economy
There are extensive manganese ore deposits near the city , which have been mined underground since 1877 . The state mine Chiaturmanganumi filed for bankruptcy in the 1990s. In 2004 it was sold to the Russian company EvrazHolding for $ 12.5 million .
Sons and daughters
- Grigol Abashidze (1914–1994), poet
- Levan Gelbakhiani (* 1997), actor and dancer
See also
literature
- Horst Benneckenstein: Transcaucasia: expansion goal of German imperialism before the First World War . In: Fritz Klein (Ed.): Studies on German Imperialism before 1914 , Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1976.
- Franz Beyschlag , Paul Krusch : Germany's future supply of iron and manganese ores: an expert opinion on mineral deposits . Scholem, Berlin 1917.
- Giorgii Margiani: Samtamodno mretveloba da samretsvolo proletariati revoluciamdel sakartrelosi . Tbilisi 1968.
Web links
- Richard M. Levine: The Mineral Industry of Georgia , 1996 (en) (PDF file) (33 kB)
- Klaus Thörner: German Caucasus Imperialism (de) (PDF file)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Volodya Vagner: Miners in Georgia Are Staging Wildcat Strikes in a Bid to Survive As Their Working Conditions Worsen , progressive.international May 11, 2020.
- ^ Homepage of the Georgian Railway.
- ↑ The daily test of courage , report in Weltspiegel from July 1, 2018, online here .