Valentin Krautwald

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Valentin Krautwald (last name also Crautwald (t) ; Latinized Valentinus Cratoaldus ; * around 1490 unsafe in Krautenwalde in the Principality of Neisse ; † September 5, 1545 in Liegnitz , Duchy of Liegnitz ) was a German theologian and humanist .

Life

The information on Krautwald's origin and year of birth are contradictory. In any case, he attended the Jakobi parish school in Neisse , the capital of the Wroclaw bishops and the diocese . Because of his talent, Bishop Johannes V. Thurzo enabled him to study at the University of Krakow , where he is recorded in the matriculations for the year 1506. In addition to theology and the humaniora , he studied Greek and, as one of the first Krakow students, Hebrew . He was also interested in mathematics and astronomy. After returning to Neisse in 1509, he first became a teacher and soon rector at the Jakobi parish school. During his tenure it had the reputation of an excellent humanistic educational institution.

In 1515 Krautwald became secretary of the episcopal chancellery in Breslau as well as canon and altarist at the Breslau Cathedral . In 1516 he wrote a vita for the first Archbishop of Prague, Ernst von Pardubitz . As a source he used, among other things, the chronicle of the Augustinian canons of Glatz by provost Michael Czacheritz from Neisse . The biography, which also describes the miracles that are said to have occurred at the grave of the archbishop in the parish church of Glatz , was intended to prepare for the canonization of the archbishop, which had come to a standstill due to the Hussite Wars . Krautwald was probably commissioned with this task because the Prague bishopric was not occupied from 1434 to 1561 and the archbishopric was administered by administrators. The Latin script has been preserved in a single manuscript in the Vatican Library . It was only found in 1995 by the historian Zdeňka Hledíková and published in 1997 with a Czech translation.

In Breslau, Krautwald got to know the humanist group sponsored by Bishop Johannes V. Thurzo, which included Caspar Ursinus Velius and Johann Hess , among others . Like Johann Hess, whom he presumably met while studying in Cracow, Krautwald soon turned to the teaching of the Reformation and probably converted after the death of Bishop Thurzo in 1520. In his mind, he was also influenced by Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon and Erasmus influenced by Rotterdam , with whom he corresponded. Numerous works by Erasmus were in Krautwald's library.

In 1523 Krautwald was appointed by Duke Friedrich II. , Who introduced the Reformation in his Duchy of Liegnitz , as lecturer for theology at the Liegnitz Johannesstift, where he was also given a canonical. In Liegnitz he got to know Kaspar Schwenckfeld and his apprenticeship. In 1526 he was appointed to the Protestant university founded by Duke Friedrich II , together with Valentin Potsendorf , where Lutherans and followers of Ulrich Zwingli also taught. In 1527 he and Schwenckfeld wrote a letter to the Breslau bishop Jakob von Salza , in which they demanded that the people be instructed in religious questions. Because of the religious conflict with the Schwenckfeldians, the University of Liegnitz was dissolved as early as 1530. Like Schwenckfeld, Krautwald had to leave Liegnitz as early as 1529. In the following years he stayed in different places in Silesia. During this time he wrote numerous theological writings and at times also worked as a village school teacher. After a few years he was allowed to return to Liegnitz, where he died in 1545. A short biography of Valentin Krautwald was written by his Neiss pupil Johann Schweintzer in 1530 and by Schwenckfeld's secretary Adam Reissner in 1554 .

Works (selection)

  • Descripcio vite pii patris Arnesti, Pragensis ecclesie archiepiscopi primi, per Valentinum Crautvaldum , 1516. Published 1997 with a Czech translation in: Zdeňka Hledíková , Jana Zachová: Život Arnošta z Pardubic podle archiepiscopi primi, based on Valentin Krautwalda's [The Life of Ernst Krautwalda]. Pardubice 1997, ISBN 80-86046-25-7
  • Collatio et consensus verborum caenae Dominicae, de corpore et sanguine Christi , Strasbourg 1529
  • Annotata in tria priora capita Geneseos , 1530
  • De Oratione Fidei Epistola , 1530
  • De caena dominica et verbis caenae epistolae duae , Strasbourg around 1530
  • Brief thorough appraisal: that Christ was entirely the natural Sun of God, and was not a creature or creature , 1538
  • About the rebirth and herculation of a Christian man - thorough exposition of the saying of Christ John on the third cap; Whatever water it may be, that the children of God (from above) are born out of it . Augsburg 1538
  • Ad Quaestiones D. Bonifacii Lycosthenis ... de vera ministioram electione ... epistola paraenetica , Strasbourg 1538
  • Novus homo , 1545
  • Novus homo hoc est quo, quamque mirabili semine internus sive , Francofvrti, apvd Iacobvm de Zetter, 1620
  • Der new Mensch , Augspurg Verlag Ulhart, 1543
  • The Schwermer , Strasbourg, 1544
  • De veteris depravati, novi item hominis conditione , 1545
  • From the Wercken Christi , Ulm, ca.1546

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to ADB, his parents are said to have been citizens of Neiss, according to NDB they came from the farming class. According to Douglas H. Shantz: Crautwald and Erasmus p. 15 he was born in Krautenwalde in Austrian Silesia . The specification Austrian Silesia is not correct for the time. Until 1742 the whole of Silesia was a sub-country of the crown of Bohemia , which had been held by the Habsburgs from 1526 .
  2. ↑ With the subtitle by another hand: Alia legenda a Valentino Crautoaldo Nyssensi compilata anno 1516 .
  3. ↑ digitized version
  4. ↑ digitized version
  5. ↑ digitized version
  6. ↑ digitized version
  7. ↑ digitized version
  8. ↑ digitized version
  9. ↑ digitized version
  10. ↑ digitized version
personal data
SURNAME Krautwald, Valentin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Crautwald, Valentin; Crautwalt, Valentin; Cratvaldus, Valentin; Cratoaldus, Valentinus (Latin)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German theologian and humanist
DATE OF BIRTH around 1490
PLACE OF BIRTH uncertain: Krautenwalde , Principality of Neisse
DATE OF DEATH September 5, 1545
Place of death Liegnitz