Violet-parted amazily

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Violet-parted amazily
Violet-parted amazily

Violet-parted amazily

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Amazilia hummingbirds ( Amazilia )
Type : Violet-parted amazily
Scientific name
Amazilia violiceps
( Gould , 1859)

The violet-headed amazily ( Amazilia violiceps ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). Its range includes parts of Mexico and the United States . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The violet-crowned amazilie reaches a body length of about 10 cm, with a weight of about 5 g. The male's straight, medium-sized bill is flesh-red and has a black tip. The skull is purple-blue. The top and the flanks are olive to bronze green. The upper tail-coverts are bronze to copper-colored, occasionally with a purple sheen. The underside is white. The inner control springs are bronze to purple. In females, the top of the head and neck are more turquoise. Young birds are similar to females, but their feathers are lined with reddish brown. The upper beak has a little more black. Greyish seams extend to the rump and the under tail-coverts .

Behavior and nutrition

The birds mostly get their nectar from the middle to upper strata . So they fly u. a. Agaves . They hunt insects in flight.

Vocalizations

The singing consists of a series of repeated, single, squeaky and plaintive skii sounds. The call also includes sharp, harsh chuk tones, which occasionally end in a bubbly series and lively trills.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the violet-crowned amazilie

The violet-crowned amazily lives in semi-open to open scrubland, in thorn forests, open pine and oak forests, on the edges of the forest, in the riparian wood, on plantations, in parks and gardens. You can see them at altitudes close to sea level up to 2250 meters. Usually it is present at altitudes between 1000 and 1500 meters.

Reproduction

The breeding season is mainly from April to August, but nests and birds in breeding mood have been observed until January. The goblet-like nest is made of plant material, such as cotton fibers and green lichens, that are connected with cobwebs. The nest is usually made in dead twigs, horizontal branches, or at the top of overhanging branches. a nest 7 to 12 meters above the ground in an Arizona plane tree ( Platanus wrightii ) was discovered in the Guadalupe Mountains National Park . The nests observed in Mexico were mostly found at a height of one to two meters on small oak trees or in the undergrowth. The clutch consists of two eggs and is hatched by the female. So far nothing is known about the breeding season and when the nestlings fledge.

migration

The violet-headed amazily shows some migratory movements. The northernmost population hibernates along the north Pacific coast from southeast Sonora south and on the mountain slopes to the Atlantic from Guanajuato to Hidalgo. The first returnees in the summer in Sonora can be observed in March, even if it cannot be completely ruled out that they are winter guests. Most representatives of the subspecies A. v. violiceps can be found in winter on the southern mountain slopes to the Pacific from Guerrero to Oaxaca. Recent breeding reports indicate that specimens and new breeding populations will arrive in California over the summer.

Subspecies

Amazilia violiceps ellioti

There are two known subspecies:

  • Amazilia violiceps ellioti ( von Berlepsch , 1889) occurs in the southwest of the USA, in the southwest of the states of Arizona and New Mexico to northwest and central Mexico in the center of the states of Michoacán and Hidalgo . The turquoise-blue color of the top of the head extends to the cheeks. In addition, the upper tail-coverts and the tail are grayish green to greenish brown compared to the nominate form .
  • Amazilia violiceps violiceps ( Gould , 1859) is common in southwestern Mexico. Here it is present in eastern Michoacán as far as Puebla and the northwest of Oaxaca .

Amazilia violiceps conjuncta Griscom , 1934 is now a synonym for A. v. ellioti considered.

The latest genetic investigations between green-headed and violet- headed amazilia indicate that Amazilia villadai must either be regarded as a separate species or that the green- headed amazily is to be regarded as a subspecies of the violet- headed amazilia due to gene flow .

Etymology and history of research

John Gould described the violet- crowned amacilia under the name Cyanomyia violiceps . He gave Oaxaca as the collection point. In 1843, Lesson introduced the generic name Amazilia for the gold -masked hummingbird , the striped -tailed hummingbird , the cinnamon-bellied hummingbird , the blue-throated star hummingbird and the longuemare sun nymph . He did not mention the rust-bellied amazilia ( Amazilia amazilia ). This name comes from a novel by Jean-François Marmontel , who reported in Les Incas, ou la Destruction de l'Empire du Pérou about an Inca heroine named Amazili. The species name is a combination of words from the Latin "viola" for "violet" and "-ceps, caput, capitis" for "-krönt, head". Ellioti was awarded in honor of Daniel Giraud Elliot . He had used Uranomitra quadricolor as the name for this subspecies in 1878 , a name that was already documented by Trochilus quadricolor Vieillot in 1823 and is now a synonym for the blue-headed parrot ( Amazilia cyanocephala ( Lesson , 1830)). Conjuncta is derived from the Latin "coniunctus, coniungere" for "connected, unite".

literature

  • André-Alexander Weller , Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Violet-crowned Hummingbird (Amazilia violiceps) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • John Gould: Descriptions of four new species of humming-birds from Mexico . In: Annals and Magazine of Natural history including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (=  3 ). tape 4 , 1859, p. 96-98 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch: Notes on some Neotropical birds belonging to the United States National Museum . In: Proceedings of the United States National Museum . tape 11 , 1888, p. 559-566 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Ludlow Griscom: The ornithology of Guerrero, Mexico . In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College . tape 75 , no. 10 , 1934, pp. 367-422 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • René Primevère Lesson , Prosper Garnot: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM Marquis de Clermont- Tonnerre, ministre de la marine; et publié sou les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte ​​de Chabrol, ministre de la Marine et des colonies, par ML Dupppery, capitaine de frégate. chevalier de Saint-Louis et membre de la legion d'honaire, commandant de l'expédition (=  zoology . Volume 1 , no. 2 ). Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • René Primevère Lesson: Complément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches . In: L'Echo du Monde Savant (=  2 ). tape 10 , no. 32 , 1843, pp. 755-758 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Daniel Giraud Elliot: A classification and synopsis of the Trochilidae . Collins Printer, Philadelphia 1878 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Louis Pierre Vieillot in Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre: Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. tape 2 . Mme. Veuve Agasse, Paris 1822 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Flor Rodríguez ‐ Gómez, Juan Francisco Ornelas: Genetic structuring and secondary contact in the white ‐ chested Amazilia hummingbird species complex . In: Journal of Avian Biology . tape 49 , no. 4 , 2018, p. 1-19 , doi : 10.1111 / jav.01536 .

Web links

Commons : Violet- crowned Amazilie ( Amazilia violiceps )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g André-Alexander Weller u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ^ A b Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch, p. 562.
  4. ↑ a b John Gould, p. 97.
  5. ^ Ludlow Griscom, p. 377.
  6. ↑ Flor Rodríguez-Gómez et al. a., pp. 1-19.
  7. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1843), column 757.
  8. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1827), p. 683 (plate 3).
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 402.
  10. ↑ Louis Pierre Vieillot, p. 573.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 116.