Video portal
A video portal (also called a video platform ) is a video-on-demand service through which users can make their videos , especially web videos , available on the World Wide Web . Usually the videos are uploaded by the creator and can then be viewed directly via streaming . Downloading videos is usually only possible via technical detours. Some video portals also allow live streaming . Video portals became popular around 2005 because of the increased bandwidth of Internet connections and are now among the most visited websites.
Content
As the price of camcorders has decreased as technology has advanced, many individuals now own digital video recording devices. Also, digital cameras and mobile phones have built increasingly cameras that enable recording short films. Video portals are, among other things, a platform for self-publication of such short films. Since the content mainly comes from the users of these portals, it is also called user-generated content .
In addition to the self-produced content, however, many third-party videos, some of which are protected by copyright , or excerpts from them are uploaded, such as music videos , television series or individual scenes from films and series. The copyright violations are not always clearly recognizable for the user.
Many video portals have a maximum file size and length for uploaded videos, which leads to a reduction in video quality. The maximum length of videos can be avoided by dividing them into several individual films.
In addition to video portals, where users themselves upload content to the operator's server, there are now also some (regional) video portals where the operator specifies a program. The users can influence the program by making suggestions about what the operator should create reports about or about which events the operator should send a camera team to.
technology
The requirement of making a large number of video films available to a large number of users without significant delay cannot be met with classic digital video formats . The portals therefore offer the videos in reduced resolution, depending on the user's Internet connection, and also use client software such as Flash to control the buffering and playback of moving images via streaming - this means that the playback of a video can start after a few seconds, possibly well before the complete film would be downloaded. Parts of the video that have already been played can be discarded from the cache in order to minimize memory requirements. In this case, the complete video is never available to the user; this can be seen from the fact that the web player has to download data again (and playback is thus delayed) if the video is rewound to an older point. The prerequisite is the installation of the corresponding playback program as a plug-in in the browser . On the part of the provider, in turn, appropriate server capacity, special software and a high bandwidth of the Internet connection are the prerequisites for offering streaming video to broad user groups.
Licenses
The dissemination of legally questionable content poses a problem for the operators of video portals. Viacom, for example, has announced a claim for damages against Google for a billion US dollar due to copyright infringement . From a technical point of view, there is no way to prevent right-wing extremist, pornographic or violent videos from being uploaded by users, but these usually violate the usage regulations and are removed in the event of complaints. Likewise, users hardly have an opportunity to assess whether the material is protected by copyright before viewing the video, unless this is clearly visible to everyone from the preview images or the title (e.g. with current movies). Since in the meantime right-holders themselves make excerpts from their works available on video portals, it is not always clear even in the case mentioned whether it is a matter of a violation of copyrights.
providers
Video web portals differ in terms of presentation, content and user group. Some have unique selling propositions. For video search engine optimization (video SEO) in particular, criteria such as page rank (i.e. popularity with visitors), visibility or internet portals that advertise with the analysis of web activities are used.
Wikimedia Commons
The only media portal that only accepts free images, audios and videos is Wikimedia Commons ; the main emphasis is on images. Videos, audio files, and other documents are also accepted but are outnumbered. The free service makes extensive efforts to remove nonfree content and thus to avoid copyright infringement as far as possible. The content of the service is limited to the contents of an educational, informierendem or illustrierendem character because it primarily as a companion project and media database on the various Wikimedia - Wikis is designed. Files of the service can be integrated directly from third-party sites or uploaded to your own website and hosted yourself , provided that the license conditions are observed.
Well-known video portals
Well-known portals in Germany include:
Current portals
| portal | since | founder | owner | Company headquarters | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| alugha | 2014 (April) | Bernd Korz
Gregor Greinert Ithamar Adema Niklas Korz |
Alugha GmbH | Germany | Specialized in multilingual videos |
| Dailymotion | 2005 (March) | Benjamin Bejbaum Olivier Poitrey Mark Zaleski Didier Rappapor |
Orange SA | France | Currently the only remaining European portal |
| Twitch | 2011 (June) | Justin Kan, Emmett Shear | Amazon.com, Inc. | United States | Special portal for live streaming (mainly used for video games) |
| LiveLeak | 2006 (October) | Hayden Hewitt et al. | Great Britain | Successor to Ogrish.com | |
| Vimeo | 2004 (November) | Vimeo LLC. | InterActiveCorp | United States | Oldest portal |
| YouKu | 2006 | Victor Koo | Youku Tudou Inc. | China | |
| YouTube | 2005 (February) |
Chad Hurley Steve Chen Jawed Karim |
Google Inc. | United States | Currently the market leader with the greatest awareness and most frequent use worldwide |
| TikTok | 2016 (September) | Zhang Yiming | ByteDance | China |
Former portals
| portal | since | founder | owner | Company headquarters | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clipfish | 2006 (June) | RTL interactive | RTL Group | Germany | Discontinued December 31, 2013 |
| MyVideo | 2006 (April) | Brothers Samwer | ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE | Germany | Discontinued 09/30/2017 |
| Sevenload | 2006 (April) |
Ibrahim Evsan Thomas Bachem Axel Schmiegelow |
Sevenload GmbH | Germany | Discontinued 04/04/2014 |
| Vevo | 2009 (December) |
Universal Music Group Sony Music Entertainment Abu Dhabi Media Company |
Universal Music Group Sony Music Entertainment Abu Dhabi Media Company Google Inc. |
United States | Discontinued 06/06/2018 |
history
The first web video portal was shareyourworld.com , according to Beet Media LLC . As with modern services, it already offered users the option of loading video clips in various formats into the portal. It was founded in 1997 by Chase Norlin and was online until 2001 before it had to be closed for cost and bandwidth reasons.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ "New competition through user-generated content" ( Memento from October 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ YouTube deletes almost 30,000 videos after complaints from rights holders on heise online
- ↑ Examples: YouTube , MyVideo . There is a list of the maximum file size of all video portals in the English language Wikipedia under en: Comparison of video services
- ↑ Report at Wikinews (English)
- ↑ "Google wants to delete right-wing extremist content on Youtube faster" on heise online
- ↑ Terms of Use on YouTube (English)
- ↑ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Projektrahmen
- ↑ http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Nutzungsbedingungen#Informationen_für_Weiternutzer
- ↑ alugha.com Imprint. Retrieved January 29, 2018 .
- ^ First Video Sharing Site Paved the Way for YouTube . Beet Media LLC. Retrieved June 24, 2011.