Devastation around Jena

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Desolations are places that no longer exist today. A total of 26 deserted areas can be found in today's urban area of Jena . The reasons for this high density include armed conflicts, such as the capture of the castles on the Hausberg by the Erfurters in 1304, the Thuringian Count's War from 1342 to 1346 or the Saxon Fratricidal War from 1446 to 1451, but also natural factors such as water scarcity and environmental disasters. The amalgamation with the next larger town is responsible for the disappearance of some place names, as in the old Jena suburbs.

Benndorf

Located between Kunitz (formerly "Aldencondiz") and Wenigenkunitz, at the foot of the Jenzig . The location is easy to localize using field names.

Office seat

A previously unpublished study showed that this place, after which an aristocratic family was named in the 13th and 14th centuries, was located on the banks of the Gembdenbach between Gembdenmühle and Jenaprießnitz .

Clochwitz

The settlement can be proven archaeologically and documentarily from 1259 until shortly after 1300. Certainly it was affected in connection with the storming of the castle counts in Kirchberg .

Dürrengleina

The desert Dürrengleina or mostly just called Gleine lies at the height of the Kospoth between Winzerla and Oßmaritz south of the Kleinertal . A settlement of the same name is located on the heights south of the Leutra Valley , which, however, was more or less coincidentally named in the late 18th century, previously only called Gleina. Mentioned several times in documents since the beginning of the 14th century, "Dorrenglyne" seems to have been at least partially in the 15th century. As early as 1420 only a remnant of the settlement was left. A noble family from Gleina can be proven, but has very probably its origin in Schön-Gleina. It is unclear whether the place was destroyed in the civil war. Rather, the poor water supply at the heights suggests that it is becoming desolate for economic reasons. The corridor was divided between Oßmaritz and Winzerla . Put one at the site of the former village in the 17th century Friedrich von Kospoth Vorwerk on.

Gaberwitz

This desertification in the area northwest of Laasan , in the direction of Kunitz, at the foot of the great Gleißberg can be proven on the basis of documents and field names.

Hirschdorf

Excavations near the construction of the new Lobeda-Ost development area brought to light the Hirschdorf desert, which was not localizable for a long time. This was in the area of ​​the schools below Erlanger Allee, not far from the roundabout on Ilmnitzer Straße.

Hodelsdorf / on the sand

Hodelsdorf or the suburb on the sand was a settlement in the east of the old city center on the island between Saale and the Lache , a side arm. One of the most important trade routes in Jena ran through Hodelsdorf from the Saaltor and further east over the Camsdorfer Bridge . The place was created through the development of the areas outside the secured city and finally merged into Jena. The pool no longer exists today; it ran parallel to Fischergasse and the northeastern Löbdergraben. Today's Inselplatz is reminiscent of the island between the Saale and Lache and the place on the sand .

Kalthausen

The place Kalthausen was between Kunitz and Golmsdorf , according to a drawing between two arms of the Saale and opposite the Gleisberg Castle . The names "in Kalthausen" and "die Hofstatt" still appear in the Kunitz corridor. In 1299 the village was first mentioned in a document from the Lords of Gleisberg. Another written mention can be found in 1317. Kalthausen probably went under when the Gleisberg Castle was destroyed. The constantly changing course of the Saale in this area could also be the cause of the desertification.

Kötschen

The place Kötschen was near the district of Zwatzen . 1290 goods are called "Cozstin" or "Cotsin". The field names “das Kötschfeld” and “der Kötschmar” appear to the east of Zwatzen. The cause of the desert fall is unclear.

Krotendorf

The so-called “Krautgasse” in Jena, which led in the direction of this village in the Mühltal, near the Weidigsmühle, could be a witness of the place. Names such as B. Krotenberg, Krotenmühle etc. testify to its existence in medieval sources. The place is primarily occupied by the extensive holdings of the Bürgel monastery in the same.

Leutra

As Leutra the western suburbs Jenas was called in the Middle Ages, not to be confused with the village Leutra in Maua . Leutra had apparently not been a separate settlement. The borrowing of the name from the Leutrabach, the Mühltal-Leutra, is problematic due to its distance from it. Only recently a very coherent argument was presented, according to which the Leutra only emerged when part of the Leutra was branched off to flush the old town of Jena in the late 13th century. The newly created Leutra arm thus ran directly through the suburb of Leutra until it entered the old town at the Johannistor. Through the Leutra suburb, Wagnergasse led from the Johannistor west to the Erfurter Tor , part of the former system for the pre-defense of the city. Due to the expansion of the urban area in modern times, Leutra became completely part of Jena.

Lower lutra

The deserted village low- or Unterleutra lies at Leutrabach between Jena districts Leutra and Maua . That is why the place names Oberleutra and Unterleutra were used in the past. The place was destroyed by the so-called Thuringian Flood in 1613. The hallway went to (Ober) Leutra. Field names like “in Unterleutraschen Holze”, “überm Dorfe”, “am Baumgarten” and “between the villages” are reminiscent of the village.

During the construction of today's Federal Motorway 4 in 1937, many solid stone blocks and fragments of vessels were discovered when moving earth. This was followed by an archaeological investigation under the direction of Gotthard Neumann from the Friedrich Schiller University Jena . It was found that the motorway had run right through the medieval settlement Niederleutra and destroyed it in the process. In 1420 the settlement was still inhabited.

Nobis / Möbis

The Möbis desert near Jena

The town of Nobis or Möbis (also Nebis or Nöbis ) was located in the Jena city forest . "Nobus" is mentioned several times in documents and probably went down in the Saxon fratricidal war. On the other hand, the drying up of the well could also have been a cause. In 1328 the family name Nöbis also appears. After the fall of the desert, the corridor between Münchenroda and Ammerbach was divided. In 1420, residents of the place are named.

Nollendorf

The Nollendorf desert is located on the so-called "Lerchenfeld" north of the city center. The place is first mentioned in 1346. According to the Jenaer Geschossbuch from 1406, Nollendorfer possessions are located near what is now Zwätzgasse . At the settlement there was also a brewery, which was located north of the old university building. Later the place went into the Zwatzenvorstadt and thus in Jena. The Nollendorfer Hof and Nollendorfer Strasse are still reminiscent of Nollendorf . The restaurant "Zur Noll" was formerly called "Nollendorfer Schankwirtschaft".

Proschitz

The Proschitz desert lies on the slope or at the height of the "Platte", today's Jägerberg, north of Jena. Presumably the village was abandoned in the 15th century due to lack of water. Proschitz is mentioned in the document book of the Teutonic Knight Order between 1282 and 1306. Zwätz and Proschitz are always mentioned together. In the Jena floor book, several properties are listed “Am Proschitzer Weg”. The place had a church, which survived the village, as it was built of stone and was still recognizable as a ruin until the 17th century, a field name is "the desert church".

Rödel

The Rödel desert (or tobogganing ) is located southeast of Isserstedt in the Jena Mühltal . In 1356 the estate "zu den radiln" and in 1357 the village "zum Rödel" is mentioned. The village fell into desolation with the Count's War. At the place of the former place there is still the forest "the Rödel".

Schetzelsdorf

This is probably a group of houses west of the old town that has not yet been able to be located more precisely. It is mentioned several times in the floor book of 1406.

Schichmannsdorf

The Schichmannsdorf desert is located in the Mühltal west of Jena near the current paper mill . The place was probably destroyed in the Count's War in the middle of the 14th century or as early as 1304 when the local mountain castles were taken. 1401 is mentioned in a document as "Schickmannsdorff" as an abandoned village.

Schlendorf

The Schlendorf desert lies below Windberg Castle on the slope of the Hausberg . The village was probably a settlement of the Burgmannen von Kirchberg. Schlendorf was probably destroyed with the siege and destruction of the local mountain castles in 1304. The place is then mentioned several times as a desert. The street names "Schlendorfer Straße" and "Schlendorfer Oberweg" are reminiscent of the former village.

Schondorf

The Schondorf desert (also Schöndorf ) is located northeast of Closewitz , towards Lehesten . Field names like "the Schöndorfer Garten" and "Schondorfer Grund" north of the Rautal refer to the village. Schondorf is described as desolate in 1355, its corridor came to Closewitz. A family name with the same name can be found in several nearby places since the 15th century.

Selzdorf

The desert area Selzdorf or Seltzdorf (also called Seldens- , Seldis- or Seldigsdorf ) is located in the Lobeda district near the Lobdeburg . In a document from 1291 two vineyards are mentioned near "Seldenstorf". In addition, the family name "Seldensdorf" appears in the 14th century. The field name “das Selzdorf” has been preserved to this day. A Seltzdorfer Vorwerk and a Seltzdorfer fountain are said to have stood near the Lobdeburg as late as 1468. How the place fell is not known.

Wenigenkunitz

The Wenigenkunitz desert is located between Kunitz and Wenigenjena and was probably a settlement of subjugated Slavs . The village is mentioned in a document in 1343 and in 1406 in the Jena floor book in connection with a vineyard as "Wenigen Condicz". The field name "zu Wenigen-Kunitz" in the Kunitz district indicates this.

Desert winemakerla

Wüstenwinzerla was below the Beutenberg . Soil studies locate the desert on the mountain slope of the Grießberg between Winzerla and Oßmaritz.

Ziskau

The Ziskau desert is located southeast of the Jena district of Lützeroda and west of Closewitz. Like Schondorf, the village seems to have been destroyed in the Count's War. In 1351 it is called desolate. The residents probably moved to Closewitz. The family name "Cyscowe" or "Cystowe" occurs in documents from the 14th century. The place gave its name to the Ziskau valley between Cospeda and Lützeroda.

Doubtbach

The old Jena suburb in the south was known as Zweifelbach . Due to the economic importance of the road to the south, a suburban settlement soon emerged along the Neugasse . The Carmelite Monastery of the Holy Cross, founded in 1414, was also located here . The name Zweifelbach can be explained by its location on the two streams of the Leutra, ie the "Zwiefaltbach". This suburb was also completely absorbed in Jena in modern times.

literature

  • A. Mueller: The deserted areas in the 1st and 2nd administrative districts of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar , 1877

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Andrei Zahn: Closewitz and the Kapellendorf monastery . In: Association for Thuringian History (ed.): Leaves of the Association for Thuringian History e. V. Vol. 15, 2005, pp. 6-14
  2. ↑ a b c Andrei Zahn: The inhabitants of the offices of Burgau, Camburg and Dornburg: a prayer register from around 1421–1425 . Working group for Central German family research. 1st edition Mannheim 1998 series of publications: AMF series of publications; 55
  3. ^ Andrei Zahn: Dürrengleina - Two places, one name , unprinted manuscript
  4. ↑ Christine Müller, lecture in Jena on February 19, 2015 “Leutra / Liutdraha - old village or modern legend of Jena city history research”.
  5. ^ Area for Prehistory and Early History at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena ( Memento from May 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ a b c Ruth Kallies : Who knows the places, knows the names? - Old Jena locations from Alterstein to Wöllmisse . Jenzig, Jena 2000, ISBN 3-910141-40-4
  7. ^ Franz Linke, Peter Bühner: The Jena viticulture in the past and present . Series of publications by the Jena Municipal Museums