Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2018
The 2018 elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina took place on October 7th.
At the level of the entire state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the three-member state presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the members of the House of Representatives (Bosnian: Predstavnički Dom ), one of the two chambers of parliament, were elected.
At the level of the entity Republika Srpska , the president with his two representatives and the parliament of the Republika Srpska , consisting of 83 members, were also elected.
At the level of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , its parliament , consisting of 98 members, was elected. Likewise, the respective assembly of the people's representation was elected in the ten cantons of the federation .
Starting position
Nationalism and separatist tendencies in the Republika Srpska are causing unrest. Clientele politics prevail in the economy . At 25%, Bosnia and Herzegovina has one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe, which is one of the reasons why around 40,000 people leave the country every year. In the election campaign, however, the issues of unemployment and the rule of law hardly played a role. On the other hand, the main topic was the protest movement “Justice for David”, which had formed following the death of a young man. David Dragičević was found dead in a river in Banja Luka in March 2018 . While police claim he used drugs and drowned, his father is convinced that David died as a result of police abuse and that authorities are covering it up. In the course of the election campaign, the growing protest movement was also directed against arbitrariness and abuse of power by the police, the judiciary and politics.
68 political parties and 36 coalitions as well as 34 independent candidates ran for election. The electoral system is often referred to in the media as the most complicated in Europe. Election observers were provided by the OSCE and by the NGO “Pod Lupom” (Under the Magnifying Glass) .
Results
Election of the State Presidium
In the election of the three-member state presidency, Šefik Džaferović won as the Bosniak candidate , Željko Komšić as the Croatian candidate , who is taking office for the third time, and Milorad Dodik as the Serbian candidate . The two previous members of the State Presidium, who were also running, Dragan Čović (Croatian) and Mladen Ivanić (Serbian), lost.
| candidate | Political party | be right | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Šefik Džaferović | SDA | 208.943 | 36.52 |
| Denis Bećirović | SDP | 192.321 | 33.62 |
| Fahrudin Radončić | SBB | 74,597 | 13.04 |
| Mirsad Hadžikadić | Platforma za progres | 57,098 | 9.98 |
| Senad Sepic | Nezavisni blok | 29,577 | 5.17 |
| Amer Jerlagic | SBiH | 9,526 | 1.67 |
| candidate | Political party | be right | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Željko Komšić | DF bra | 221,573 | 53.95 |
| Dragan Čović | HDZ BiH | 142,771 | 34.76 |
| Diana Zelenika | HDZ 1990 | 24,651 | 6.00 |
| Boriša Falatar | NS | 15,690 | 3.82 |
| Jerko Ivanković Lijanović | NSRzB | 6.011 | 1.48 |
| candidate | Political party | be right | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Milorad Dodik | SNSD / СНСД | 352.933 | 53.89 |
| Mladen Ivanić | Alliance for Victory (Savez za Pobjedu) | 281.222 | 42.94 |
| Mirjana Popović | SNS / СНС | 10,826 | 1.65 |
| Gojko Kličković | Prva SDS / Прва СДС | 9,906 | 1.51 |
Victorious Croatian candidate by parish
Croatian population per municipality
Election of the House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The State House of Representatives has 42 seats, 28 members are elected in the Bosniak-Croatian part of the country and 14 in the Republika Srpska. The Party of Democratic Action ( SDA ) was the only party to win seats in both parts of the country. The turnout was around 54 percent. The Central Election Commission had 30 days to confirm the final election result, only afterwards coalition negotiations were held.
The formation of a government proved difficult. Only 14 months after the election was a new government confirmed by parliament on December 23, 2019. It includes SDA, SNSD, SBB, HDZ and DF.
| Political party | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Republika Srpska | total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| be right | % | Seats | be right | % | Seats | be right | % | Seats | ||
| Stranka demokratske akcije (SDA) | 252.081 | 25.48 | 8th | 29,673 | 4.45 | 1 | 281,754 | 17.01 | 9 | |
| Savez nezavisnih socijaldemokrata (SNSD) | 4,663 | 0.47 | - | 260.930 | 39.10 | 6th | 265,593 | 16.03 | 6th | |
| Srpska Demokratska Stranka (SDS-NDP-NS-SRS) | - | - | - | 162.414 | 24.34 | 3 | 162.414 | 9.80 | 3 | |
| Socijaldemokratska partija Bosne i Hercegovine (SDP) | 14.0781 | 14.23 | 5 | 9,672 | 1.45 | - | 150,453 | 9.08 | 5 | |
| Electoral alliance HDZ BiH , HSS , HKDU BiH, HSP-HNS, HSP DR AS BiH, HDU BiH, HSS SR | 145.487 | 14.71 | 5 | 4,385 | 0.66 | - | 149,872 | 9.05 | 5 | |
| DF-GS, Željko Komšić: BiH Pobjeđuje! | 96180 | 9.72 | 3 | - | - | - | 96.180 | 5.81 | 3 | |
| Partija demokratskog progresa (PDP - Mladen Ivanić) | - | - | - | 83,832 | 12.56 | 2 | 83,832 | 5.06 | 2 | |
| Demokratski Narodni Savez (DNS) | 652 | 0.07 | - | 68,637 | 10.29 | 1 | 69,289 | 4.18 | 1 | |
| Savez za bolju budućnost Bosne i Hercegovine (SBB-Fahrudin Radončić) | 67,597 | 6.83 | 2 | 1,394 | 0.21 | - | 68.991 | 4.16 | 2 | |
| Naša stranka | 48,402 | 4.89 | 2 | - | - | - | 48,402 | 2.92 | 2 | |
| Nezavisni blok | 41,511 | 4.20 | 1 | - | - | - | 41,511 | 2.51 | 1 | |
| Pokret demokratske akcije (PDA) | 38,417 | 3.88 | 1 | - | - | - | 38,417 | 2.32 | 1 | |
| Socijalistička Partija | - | - | - | 31,321 | 4.69 | 1 | 31,321 | 1.89 | 1 | |
| A-SDA za evropsku Bosni i Hercegovinu - Zajedno | 29,763 | 3.01 | 1 | 756 | 0.11 | - | 30,519 | 1.84 | 1 | |
| Hrvatsko zajedništvo ( HDZ 1990 , HSP BIH ) | 28,962 | 2.93 | - | - | - | - | 28,962 | 1.75 | - | |
| Narod i Pravda | 23353 | 2.36 | - | - | - | - | 23353 | 1.41 | - | |
| Stranka za Bosnu i Hercegovinu (SBiH) | 17,830 | 1.80 | - | - | - | - | 17,830 | 1.08 | - | |
| Bosanskohercegovačka Patriotska Stranka (BPS-Sefer Halilović) | 16,433 | 1.66 | - | - | - | - | 16,433 | 0.99 | - | |
| Nezavisna bosanskohercegovačka lista | 12,505 | 1.26 | - | - | - | - | 12,505 | 0.75 | - | |
| Laburistička stranka Bosne i Hercegovine | 7,735 | 0.78 | - | - | - | - | 7,735 | 0.47 | - | |
| Prva srpska demokratska stranka (Prva SDS) | - | - | - | 7,513 | 1.13 | - | 7,513 | 0.45 | - | |
| Stranka penzionera / umirovljenika BiH | 7.185 | 0.73 | - | - | - | - | 7.185 | 0.43 | - | |
| Bosanska stranka - Mirnes Ajanović (BOSS) | 5,771 | 0.58 | - | - | - | - | 5,771 | 0.35 | - | |
| Srpska napredna stranka | - | - | - | 4,750 | 0.71 | - | 4,750 | 0.29 | - | |
| Savez za novu politiku | 728 | 0.07 | - | 1,381 | 0.21 | - | 2,109 | 0.13 | - | |
| LDS za boljitak | 1,833 | 0.19 | - | - | - | - | 1,833 | 0.11 | - | |
| Hrvatska stranka Bosne i Hercegovine | 1,095 | 0.11 | - | - | - | - | 1,095 | 0.07 | - | |
| Lijevo Krilo | 264 | 0.03 | - | 666 | 0.10 | - | 930 | 0.06 | - | |
| total | 989.228 | 100 | 28 | 667.324 | 100 | 14th | 1,656,552 | 100 | 42 | |
| Invalid votes | 95,808 | 60,600 | 156.408 | |||||||
Election of the National Assembly of the Republika Srpska
| Party or electoral alliance | be right | % | Mandates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Savez nezavisnih socijaldemokrata (SNSD) | 218.203 | 31.87 | 28 |
| Srpska Demokratska Stranka (SDS-SRSRS-SRS) | 123,515 | 18.04 | 16 |
| Demokratski Narodni Savez (DNS) | 98,851 | 14.44 | 12 |
| Partija demokratskog progresa (PDP RS - Mladen Ivanić) | 69,948 | 10.22 | 9 |
| Socijalistička Partija | 56.106 | 8.19 | 7th |
| Zajedno za BiH | 29,556 | 4.32 | 4th |
| NDP Dragan Čavić-NS-SNS-Sloboda | 28,183 | 4.12 | 4th |
| Ujedinjena Srpska | 21,187 | 3.09 | 3 |
| Proevropski blok | 11,157 | 1.63 | - |
| Pokret uspješna Srpska - dr Zlatko Maksimović | 6.330 | 0.92 | - |
| Prva srpska demokratska stranka (Prva SDS) | 6,288 | 0.92 | - |
| Srpska Napredna Stranka | 3,595 | 0.53 | - |
| Electoral alliance HDZ BiH, HSS, HKDU BiH, HSP-HNS, HSP DR AS BiH, HDU BiH, HSS SR | 2,083 | 0.30 | - |
| Savez za novu politiku | 1,612 | 0.24 | - |
| Pokret demokratske akcije PDA BiH | 1,547 | 0.23 | - |
| Savez Ostanak | 1,420 | 0.21 | - |
| Nezavisna bosanskohercegovačka lista | 1,114 | 0.16 | - |
| Komunistička partija | 1,089 | 0.16 | - |
| Ekoloska partija Republike Srpske | 651 | 0.10 | - |
| Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica 1990 - HDZ 1990 | 523 | 0.08 | - |
| Prva Stranka | 463 | 0.07 | - |
| Bosanska stranka - Mirnes Ajanović (BOSS) | 363 | 0.05 | - |
| Savez Mladih Snaga (SMS) | 301 | 0.04 | - |
| Zavičajni socijaldemokrati - Mile Marčeta | 299 | 0.04 | - |
| Savez Za Demokratsku Srpsku | 231 | 0.03 | - |
| Građanski savez | 46 | 0.01 | - |
| Ivana Bubić - Independent candidate | 36 | 0.01 | - |
| Mladen Nikolić - Independent candidate | 34 | 0.00 | - |
| Lijevo Krilo | 7th | 0.00 | - |
| Dobroslav Todić - Independent candidate | 7th | 0.00 | - |
| Era Bojan - Independent candidate | 1 | 0.00 | - |
Election of the President of the Republic of Srpska
The incumbent Prime Minister Željka Cvijanović of the SNSD was elected President of the Republika Srpska with 47.48 percent of the vote , succeeding Milorad Dodik .
Election of the Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of the Lower House and the Upper House, which are called the "House of Representatives" and "House of Peoples", respectively, as in the state parliament. While the members of the lower house are directly elected, the upper house members are elected by the cantonal assemblies. According to the constitution, this should have happened within one month of the confirmation of the election results for the canton parliaments, but has not yet happened in all cantons, which is why the upper house has not yet been constituted (as of January 28, 2019). Associated with this is a delay in the election of the Upper House of the State Upper House, as 10 of its 15 members have to be elected by the Upper House of the Federation.
The results of the House of Commons election:
| Party or electoral alliance | be right | % | Mandates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stranka demokratske akcije (SDA) | 252.773 | 25.24 | 27 |
| Socijaldemokratska partija Bosne i Hercegovine (SDP) | 145.453 | 14.52 | 16 |
| Electoral alliance HDZ BiH , HSS , HKDU BiH, HSP-HNS, HSP DR AS BiH, HDU BiH, HSS SR | 143,705 | 14.35 | 16 |
| DF-GS, Željko Komšić: BiH Pobjeđuje! | 93,696 | 9.36 | 10 |
| Savez za bolju budućnost Bosne i Hercegovine (SBB-Fahrudin Radončić) | 70,683 | 7.06 | 8th |
| Naša stranka | 50,945 | 5.09 | 6th |
| Pokret demokratske akcije (PDA) | 37,731 | 3.77 | 4th |
| Nezavisni blok | 34,912 | 3.49 | 4th |
| A-SDA za evropsku Bosni i Hercegovinu - Zajedno | 27,429 | 2.74 | 2 |
| Hrvatsko zajedništvo ( HDZ 1990 , HSP BIH , HNL) | 25,663 | 2.56 | 2 |
| Narod i Pravda | 23,222 | 2.32 | 2 |
| Stranka za Bosnu i Hercegovinu (SBiH) | 23.007 | 2.30 | - |
| Nezavisna bosanskohercegovačka lista | 15,113 | 1.51 | - |
| Bosanskohercegovačka Patriotska Stranka (BPS-Sefer Halilović) | 14,033 | 1.40 | - |
| Stranka penzionera / umirovljenika BiH | 8,152 | 0.81 | - |
| Laburistička stranka Bosne i Hercegovine | 7,656 | 0.76 | 1 |
| Bosanska stranka - Mirnes Ajanović (BOSS) | 7.092 | 0.71 | - |
| Hrvatska republikanska stranka | 6,670 | 0.67 | - |
| Srpska lista / Српска листа | 5,244 | 0.52 | - |
| LDS za boljitak | 2.158 | 0.22 | - |
| DNZ BiH - Krajiška stranka | 1,865 | 0.19 | - |
| Hrvatska stranka Bosne i Hercegovine | 1,481 | 0.15 | - |
| Srpska napredna stranka | 896 | 0.09 | - |
| Komunistička partija | 593 | 0.06 | - |
| Savez za Stari Grad | 474 | 0.05 | - |
| Demokratska Stranka BiH | 367 | 0.04 | - |
| Prva Stranka | 258 | 0.03 | - |
| Savez za novu politiku | 155 | 0.01 | - |
Election of the cantonal parliaments
criticism
Before election day
In the run-up to the election, there were allegations of election manipulation: There are supposed to be hundreds of thousands of card files in the electoral lists, employees of state-owned companies and in administration are said to have been threatened with dismissal if they vote for the "wrong" parties. About 350,000 people had not received an identity card from the authorities, which was a prerequisite for participating in the election. Many people abroad who were registered as postal voters stated that they had not applied to vote. The opposition claimed that the voting was to be manipulated.
In 2017, the Constitutional Court declared the provisions for the election of the parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina to be unconstitutional. Since there has been no change in the law since then, the probability is high that individual parties will not recognize the result and new elections will have to be held.
Election of the Croatian member of the State Presidium
According to the constitution, the state presidency consists of one Bosniak, one Croat and one Serbian member. The Serbian representative is elected by the voters within the Republika Srpska, the Bosniak and Croatian representative within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Therefore, neither Serbs in the Federation, nor Bosniaks and Croats in the Republika Srpska, can have a say in the representatives of their ethnic group.
In the previous elections in 2006 and 2010, Željko Komšić (then a member of the social democratic SDP ) was elected Croatian member of the Presidium, which was already criticized by parts of the Croatian population. It was criticized that Komšić received most of his votes from Bosniak voters. This is possible because every voter within the Federation can freely choose from all Bosniak and Croatian candidates and the population of Bosniaks in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the 2013 census is more than three times larger than that of the Croats.
After Željko Komšić was not allowed to run again after two legislatures in 2014, Dragan Čović ( HDZ BiH ) was elected Croatian representative, who, unlike Komšić, also received the majority of votes in the majority Croatian communities in Herzegovina. In the 2018 elections, Komšić was able to run again, which made Čović publicly feared that the Bosniak population could use their majority vote again to elect Komšić instead of himself as Croatian representative. As a possible solution, Čović suggested the creation of a third (Croatian) entity, which has already been discussed over and over again. a. but was rejected by the Bosniak representative Bakir Izetbegović and contradicts the Dayton Treaty .
Ultimately, Komšić received around 220,000 votes, significantly more than the defeated candidate Čović with around 140,000 votes. In fact, in many cases, Komšić was elected by Bosniaks. He received 4,842 votes (39.41%) in the Opština Goražde , where, according to the 2013 census, 19,692 Bosniaks and only 23 Croats lived. On the other hand, he got only 63 votes (0.52%) in Široki Brijeg (according to the census 28,929 Croatian inhabitants), while Dragan Čović received the most votes with 10,339 (85.05%).
In response, the defeated candidate Čović declared that the result would lead to a "never seen crisis" in Bosnia and Herzegovina and paralyze the country's political bodies. He is also supported by politicians from Croatia, such as the Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović . On October 11, 2018, Komšić was declared a persona non grata by the mayors of three predominantly Croatian communities . 13 more congregations followed the next day. Croatian Prime Minister Andrej Plenković raised the issue at an EU summit, which led to criticism from Denis Zvizdić , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina , who accused him of undermining Bosnia's sovereignty.
Web link
- Results on the website of the Central Electoral Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Stephan Wabl: 5 questions and answers about the elections in Bosnia. In: Profile . October 5, 2018, accessed October 7, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Karsten Dümmel : Bosnia after the elections. The “neverending story” in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , October 10, 2018, accessed on October 27, 2018 .
- ^ A b c Martin Steinmüller-Schwarz: Bosnia-Herzegovina: Elections in ethnic-national hostage. In: ORF . October 7, 2018, accessed October 7, 2018 .
- ^ Separatist Dodik makes it to the state presidency. In: Wiener Zeitung . October 8, 2018, accessed October 12, 2018 .
- ^ A year without a government: Ironical protest in Bosnia. In: orf.at . October 7, 2019, accessed October 7, 2019.
- ↑ Bosnia and Herzegovina has a government again after 14 months. In: derstandard.at . December 27, 2019, accessed December 27, 2019.
- ↑ Hartmut Rank: Bosnia-Herzegovina's (un) possible choice: A legal-political analysis. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , January 28, 2019, accessed on March 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Thomas Brey: Elections in a torn country: Elites in Bosnia want to keep the chaos. In: n-tv . October 7, 2018, accessed October 7, 2018 .
- ↑ Komšić: "Bosnia's path should lead west". In: Deutsche Welle . October 11, 2018, accessed October 12, 2018 .
- ↑ Popis 2013 and BiH. Retrieved October 12, 2018 .
- ↑ Predsednik protiv svoje države. In: Deutsche Welle . October 9, 2018, accessed October 12, 2018 (Serbian).
- ↑ Centralna izborna komisija BiH. Retrieved October 12, 2018 (Bosnian).
- ↑ Popis 2013 and BiH. Retrieved October 12, 2018 .
- ↑ Bosnia-Herzegovina: Herzegovina-Croatians suffer election failure. In: Spiegel Online . October 8, 2018, accessed October 8, 2018 .
- ↑ Two Bosnian politicians who don't like their own state. In: The Standard . Retrieved October 12, 2018 .
- ^ Tri općine iz Hercegovine Željka Komšića proglasile nepoželjnom osobom. Radio Sarajevo, October 11, 2018, accessed on October 12, 2018 (Bosnian).
- ^ CoM Chairman: Croatian PM is patronizing Bosnia. In: n1info.com. October 19, 2018, accessed October 22, 2018 .
- ↑ Croatia has a responsibility towards Bosnian Croats, PM says. In: n1info.com. October 19, 2018, accessed October 22, 2018 .