Wild flat pea

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Wild flat pea
Wild pea (Lathyrus sylvestris)

Wild pea ( Lathyrus sylvestris )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : Flat peas ( Lathyrus )
Type : Wild flat pea
Scientific name
Lathyrus sylvestris
L.

The wild flat pea ( Lathyrus sylvestris ), also known as the forest flat pea , is a species of plant in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae). It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 9
pollination
legumes

Appearance and leaf

The wild pea grows as a climbing, perennial herbaceous plant . Creeping, branched runners up to 15 m long are formed. The usually 1 to 2 m long, square and grooved stem is branched and has a total width of 4 to 9 mm with the 1.5 to 4 mm wide wings; it is bald or rough on the edges with fine teeth.

The bare, very strong leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The narrow to wide winged petiole is about 2 to 4 mm wide with the about 0.5 to 1.5 mm long wings. The pinnate leaf blades each have only one pair of leaflets . These are lanceolate to linear, usually gradually pointed and about 6 to 20 times as long as they are wide. They have a length of more or less 5 to 14 cm and a width of about 5 to 15 mm. Three or five longitudinal nerves and network nerves that form long meshes are usually clearly visible. The stipules are narrow semi-arrow-shaped, with the auricles about 1 to 2 cm long and 0.5 to 2.5 mm wide.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period in Central Europe is between June and August. Usually only three to six flowers are in racemose inflorescences , the leaves not or little protruding, with short bracts together. The hermaphroditic flowers , slightly asymmetrical due to the rotation of the stylus and shuttle, are 13 to 18 mm long, five-fold and have a double flower envelope . The five calyx teeth are separated by wide bays. The five petals are pink to purple in color and the broad flag is greenish on the outside. Only the wings are pure purple.

Fruit and seeds

The ripe leather-brown legumes are 5 to 7 mm long and 8 to 13 mm wide and have fine nodules on the keels and network nerves. The legumes contain 6 to 14 seeds. The seeds are 4 to 5.5 mm in size, often somewhat angular, slightly bumpy and brownish to reddish-gray in color due to mutual pressure.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

The flowers are asymmetrical due to the rotation of the stylus and boat , so the nectar is not generally easily accessible. In terms of flower ecology, the wild flat pea is called an "intelligence flower".

As a runners and deep-rooting species, it is a soil stabilizer and soil conditioner.

Occurrence

Lathyrus sylvestris occurs in the submeridional to north-temperate climate zone. It is widespread in temperate continental Europe, north to Scandinavia and England, east to Russia and western Siberia, the Black Sea, the Balkans, the Apennine Peninsula, the Pyrenees and Sardinia. The wild flat pea is mostly common and common in Central Europe. It grows in Central Europe on warm, fresh to moderately dry, nutrient-rich and base-rich, more or less raw or humus-rich loam or rubble soils in Central Europe.

In Germany, the wild flat pea is mostly common and common. However, it is rare in the northern German lowlands, as well as in the northern foothills of the Alps, where it is sometimes completely absent. It occurs in Germany in the planar to colline altitude range . It rises in the Allgäu Alps in the rear Bernhardstal near Elbigenalp in Tyrol to an altitude of 1200 m. In Germany it is not considered endangered.

In Switzerland, Lathyrus sylvestris thrives in bushes, on river banks and on scree, mainly in the colline to montane, but also in the subalpine altitude .

The wild pea grows in the edge of light forests and bushes, on striking surfaces and on dry scree slopes. In the plant sociological system it is a character species of the order Origanetalia vulgaris in Central Europe . Occasionally, the wild pea is grown as a fodder plant. Where it occurs very numerous, especially at vineyards, roadsides, railway embankments, etc., these occurrences are mostly based on planting.

Herbarium evidence of Lathyrus sylvestris

swell

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd expanded edition. tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 618-619 .
  2. ↑ a b Wild flat pea. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 160.
  4. ↑ Lathyrus sylvestris. In: Info Flora (the national data and information center for Swiss flora).

Web links

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