Waldeck to Alten- and Hohenwaldeck
The Lords of Waldeck were an old Bavarian aristocratic family that played an important role in southern Bavaria from the Middle Ages to the end of the 15th century . Their ancestral seat was probably Altenwaldeck Castle near Irschenberg , at the end of the 13th century they built Hohenwaldeck Castle south of Bad Aibling . The most important possession of the Waldecker was the rule Waldeck , for which the family gained imperial immediacy in 1454 . The sex later raised to the imperial counts became extinct in the male line in 1483.
The lords of Waldeck zu Alten- and Hohenwaldeck should not be confused with the lords of Waldeck, who were wealthy in the southern Black Forest , or the north-west German counts and princes of Waldeck .
history
The Lords of Waldeck are said to have had their seat at Altenwaldeck Castle as early as 779 . They are first documented in the middle of the 11th century as servants of the diocese of Freising . Altenwaldeck, the eponymous residence of this Servientes Ecclesia Frisingensis, has been preserved as a castle stables south of Bad Aibling .
Around 1150 a Rodolfus de Waldecke appears in the written sources. The dynasty exercised the bailiwick over the Schliersee monastery in Freising . At the end of the 13th century they built Hohenwaldeck Castle south of Bad Aibling , and the Parsberg, Miesbach and Holnstein castles also belonged to the family association.
In the 13th century, the Lords of Waldeck were considered the most influential vassals of the Freising Cathedral monastery . The family was given the highest secular offices in the diocese. Waldecker officiated as treasurers and treasurers, even as secular deputies of the archbishop ( Vitztum ). The Lords of Waldeck were also appointed by the diocese of Freising as administrators of the Bailiwick of Pienzenau, which existed as early as the 11th century. It covered the entire Schlierachtal with the Schliersee and the Spitzingsee up to the Tyrolean border. Miesbach Castle served as the headquarters from which the Bailiwick was probably administered .
Despite this appreciation, the sex began to build up its own, independent domain around the Schliersee . Towards the end of the 13th century, the construction of the large Hohenwaldeck castle complex over the lake began. As a result, there was already an open confrontation with the diocese at the beginning of the 14th century. In 1312 Arnold von Waldeck destroyed the episcopal castle in Miesbach. During the subsequent peace negotiations, Freising had to give up sovereignty over the Waldecker's property. On the castle Hohenwaldeck George was (d. 1380) of Waldeck probably the last chivalrous residents. After his death the official seat of the rulership was moved to Schliersee . The centuries-long efforts of the Lords of Waldeck to achieve imperial immediacy for the area of the Bailiwick of Pienzenau finally led to the removal of the rule of Waldeck from the feudal authority of the Bishop of Freising around 1300 .
The largely independent rule of Waldeck was fragmented over the next two centuries by divisions within the family. Under Georg von Waldeck, imperial immediacy was nevertheless achieved in 1454 , so the last ties to the diocese of Freising could be broken. Since 1476 the rule of Waldeck was an imperial fief.
With Wolfgang von Waldeck (d. 1483) the lineage of the Counts of Waldeck died out in the male line. The Bavarian dukes from the House of Wittelsbach then began a decade-long legal dispute with the heirs (the Höhenrainers , Sandizellern and Maxlrainers ) in order to take over the rule. The final recognition of the rule of Waldeck by Bavaria did not take place until 1559 in the Salzburg Treaty, in which the Bavarian ruling house secured the succession in the rule of Waldeck after a possible extinction of the Maxlrainers.
coat of arms
The family coat of arms of the Lords of Waldeck showed half a falcon (or eagle, depending on the interpretation), including two crossed bars, which are interpreted as court bars, which indicates the Waldecker's rank as holders of certain rights. The falcon refers to the coat of arms of the Falkensteiners , some of whom assume that they could have been the ancestors of the Waldecker.
In 1548, Emperor Karl V awarded the Waldecker coat of arms to Wolfgang von Maxlrain , which from then on he integrated it into his ancestral family coat of arms as a heart shield . From then on he led a four-part coat of arms with a soaring lion and a black field diagonally divided by two silver wavy ribbons, each arranged diagonally and divided by a paw cross. On it in a heart shield the coat of arms of the Waldecker, red on a silver background, whereby the falcon (or eagle) sometimes also appears in full size over the crossed bars.
The root of Arms of the lords of Waldeck is now municipal coat of arms of the Municipality Hausham .
literature
- Ignaz Joseph von Obernberg : The castles Hohenwaldeck on Schliersee and Altenwaldeck near Au. Contribution to the history of the same . In: Upper Bavarian Archive for Patriotic History (published by the historical association of and for Upper Bavaria). Volume 3, Munich 1841, pp. 110-115.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Nadler: Hohenwaldeck, rule / Reichsgrafschaft. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria