Hohenwaldeck county

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Map section with the H. Hoh. Waldeck (yellow)

The county of Hohenwaldeck was a noble rule of the Holy Roman Empire in the Bavarian Empire , which was initially a fiefdom of the Bishop of Freising as the rule of Waldeck . In the course of the High Middle Ages the rule was able to achieve imperial immediacy and had been an imperial fief since 1476; 1637 the elevation to the imperial county Hohenwaldeck took place .

history

The County of Hohenwaldeck emerged from the Bailiwick Pienzenau of the Diocese of Freising , which existed as early as the 11th century. It covered the entire Schlierachtal with the Schliersee and the Spitzingsee up to the Tyrolean border. The Lords of Waldeck were appointed as bailiffs . These had their original seat in Altenwaldeck , where the foundations of the old ancestral castle are still above Au near Bad Aibling . At the beginning of the 12th century, Miesbach appears as the central location where a castle was built, from which the bailiwick was probably administered. Miesbach probably received market rights before 1312, but is only mentioned as a market in 1367. The Bavarian Duke Ludwig II tried to own the rule in the late 13th century, but had to return Miesbach Castle to Bishop Emicho in 1294 . The centuries-long efforts of the Lords of Waldeck to achieve imperial immediacy finally led to the solution from the suzerainty of the Bishop of Freising around 1300.

The male line of the Counts of Waldeck died out in 1483. The owners of the Waldeck estate were followed by the Höhenrainer from 1483 to 1487 , and the Sandizeller as the owners of the Waldeck estate from 1487 to 1516 . From 1516 the Maxlrainer ruled the rule. The final recognition by the large neighboring state of Bavaria did not take place until 1559 in the so-called Salzburg Treaty, under which the Bavarian ruling house secured the succession of the Maxlrainers after a possible extinction.

Since the rulership, Wolf Dietrich von Maxlrain, publicly committed to Luther's teaching in 1563, the rulership has been a center of the Reformation in southern Bavaria along with the local county of Ortenburg . Wolf Dietrich was one of the leaders of the Protestant aristocratic opposition at the time , but after a trade embargo by the Bavarian duke in 1583/84 he finally had to agree to a re-catholization of his country. In 1637 Emperor Ferdinand II elevated Waldeck to the county with the new name Hohenwaldeck.

After the Maxlrainers died out in 1734, Hohenwaldeck came to the Wittelsbach family , who integrated it into the Electorate as a separate part . In the year of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803, the county of Hohenwaldeck was dissolved and converted into a district court, the successor of which is today's district of Miesbach .

places

The main place was the market Miesbach , where the residence of the next heir to the county was located.

In the 12th and 13th centuries, the people of Waldeck probably also lived in Hohenwaldeck Castle at the southern end of the Schliersee , or at least used it as a refuge .

In addition to Miesbach, Schliersee was the most important place in the domain. The Schliersee Monastery , formerly owned by the Waldecker, was located there until 1493 . South of the Schliersee, the last Count Johann Josef Max Veit founded an ore mine in Josefsthal at the beginning of the 18th century, but it was unsuccessful. The associated inn (Neues Haus) was the starting point for the creation of the Neuhaus village .

Wallenburg Castle north of Miesbach served as a residence . Close to the castle - on the so-called Galgenleite - was also the high county's neck court.

Another seat of the last rulers, the Maxlrainers, was Maxlrain Castle near Bad Aibling , which was primarily used as a winter residence.

Coats of arms of the rulers

Coat of arms in a coat of arms book from the 16th century.

The coat of arms of the Lords of Waldeck showed half a falcon (or eagle, depending on the interpretation), including two crossed rods, which are interpreted as court rods, which indicates the Waldecker's rank as holders of certain rights. The falcon refers to the coat of arms of the Falkensteiners , some of whom assume that they could have been the ancestors of the Waldecker.

In 1548, Emperor Karl V awarded the Waldecker coat of arms to Wolfgang von Maxlrain , which from then on he integrated it into his ancestral family coat of arms as a heart shield . From then on he led a four-part coat of arms with a soaring lion and a black field diagonally divided by two silver wavy ribbons, each arranged diagonally and divided by a paw cross. On it in a heart shield the coat of arms of the Waldecker, red on a silver background, whereby the falcon (or eagle) sometimes also appears in full size over the crossed bars.

The coat of arms of the Lords of Waldeck is today the coat of arms of the community of Hausham . The part of the Maxlrainer coat of arms, which is divided by the wavy ribbons, is integrated in the city ​​coat of arms of Miesbach . The Maxlrainer lion is today - as a half lion - the city coat of arms of Bad Tölz . This goes back to a family member of this gentleman family who was the holder of the foster care there.

Ruler

Surname Reign (s) wife ancestry
Wolfgang von Waldeck 1476-83 Amalie von Nussdorf Imperial Fief 1476
Georg von Höhenrain 1483-87 Amalie Notthaid von Wernberg Nephew of Wolfgang von Waldeck
Hochprant from Sandizell 1487-1502 unknown Nephew of Wolfgang von Waldeck
Wolfgang von Sandizell 1502-16 unknown Son of Hochprant von Sandizell
Hans von Sandizell 1516 unknown Son of Wolfgang von Sandizell
Veit from Maxlrain 1516-18 Margaretha von Waldeck Son-in-law of Wolfgang von Waldeck
Wolfgang von Maxlrain 1518–61, 1548 imperial baron Anna von Frundsberg, daughter of Georg von Frundsberg Son of Veit von Maxlrain
Wolf Dietrich von Maxlrain 1561-86 Veronika von Pienzenau Son of Wolfgang von Maxlrain
Wolf Wilhelm von Maxlrain 1586-95 Johanna Perner zu Guetteroth Brother of Wolf Dietrich von Maxlrain
Ludwig von Maxlrain 1595-1603 Barbara Scholastika from Sandizell Son of Wolf Dietrich von Maxlrain
Georg von Maxlrain 1603-35 I. Maria von Degenberg , II. Christina Sidonia von Auersberg Brother of Ludwig von Maxlrain
Wilhelm von Maxlrain 1635–55, 1637 imperial count I. Maria Christina von Gumppenberg , II. Maria Juliana Crivelli Son of Ludwig von Maxlrain
Wolf Veit from Maxlrain 1656-59 I. Elisabeth Kurz zu Senftenau, II. Barbara Rufina von Preysing Grandson of Wolf Wilhelm von Maxlrain
Johann Veit von Maxlrain 1659-1705 I. Katharina Constantia Adelheid von Spiering, II. Franziska Klara von Törring , b. from Lamberg Nephew of Wolf Veit von Maxlrain
Johann Joseph Max Veit of Maxlrain 1705-34 Maria Regina Helena von Muggenthal Grandson of Wolf Veit von Maxlrain
Karl Albrecht of Bavaria 1734-45 Succession according to the Salzburg Treaty of 1559
Maximilian III Joseph of Bavaria 1745-77 Son of Karl Albrecht of Bavaria
Karl Theodor of Bavaria 1777-99 Inheritance to the Palatinate Line
Maximilian IV. Joseph of Bavaria 1799-1803 Inheritance to the Zweibrücken line
Dissolution of the county and constitutional union with Bavaria 1803

literature

  • Wilhelm Knappe: Wolf Dietrich von Maxlrain and the Reformation in the Hohenwaldeck rule. A contribution to the history of the German Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Leipzig u. a .: Deichert, 1920
  • Alexander Langheiter: Miesbach. A cultural guide . Miesbach: Maurus, 2006, ISBN 978-3-00-017020-1 .
  • Alexander Langheiter: 900 years of Miesbach. Chronicle & cultural guide . Miesbach: Maurus, 2013, ISBN 978-3-940324-07-8
  • Ignaz Joseph von Obernberg : History of the rule Waldeck in Oberbaiern . Written in 1798. Munich 1804.
  • Sigmund Riezler: On the history of the rule Waldeck (Hohenwaldeck) in the Bavarian Alps . Munich: Straub, 1890.
  • Andreas Scherm: Out and about in yesterday. Cultural and historical walks in the Oberland and the surrounding area of ​​Munich. Miesbach: Maurus, 2007. ISBN 978-3-940324-00-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Michael Nadler: Hohenwaldeck, rule / Reichsgrafschaft. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria