Pienzenau
Pienzenau is the name of an old Bavarian noble family .
history
According to tradition, the first offspring and namesake of the family was a knight Benz von Au (near Ulm ), born around 890/900 AD. As a reward for his loyal service to his master, he received an estate that he named Benzenau after his name. He also designed the coat of arms of the Pienzenauer. The first documented offspring from the family of the Pienzenauer zu Pienzenau in Upper Bavaria was "Ratols de Pienzenowa", who is mentioned in 1046 as a witness in a document from the Udalschalk von Tann to the Tegernsee monastery . The uninterrupted line of the family begins with Friedrich the Pinzenauer , Richter zu Aibling , who was mentioned in a document from 1287 to 1293.
The Castle Pienzenau stood southwest of Großpienzenau in Miesbach , on a slope waste to Mangfalltal . It was demolished in order to build the church in Kleinpienzenau with its stones . The first written record about this church dates back to 1113.
According to a manuscript Valentin Salomon von Fulda, the origins of the family are said to be in the middle of the 10th century, during the time of the Hungarian invasions :
“Benz was a brave soldier. But while he was attending the great campaign against the infidels under King Heinrich the Vogler and Hermann Duke of Swabia , his brother Werner married a von Pirzinger and kept a good economy at home. When his brother Benz came home and found the economy in such good shape, he liked it so much that he thought of living together with his brother on the noble estate in the Au (today Wernau near Ulm). A controversy of rank alone soon split them; where then the younger brother Werner suggested to Benzen to pay out his share to the elder, so he too put up with it and then moved to the court of Heinrichs Duke in Baiern and Nordgau, from which he used an estate (in today's Miesbach district ) He received a reward for his expensive services, which he then built and named Benzenau after his name. "
There are some indications that Pienzenau is derived from a Penzo from the family of Penz von Penzing near Wasserburg am Inn . Around 1000 AD this Penzo exchanged a few goods near Landshut for goods in the parish of Au bei Aibling . In the 14th century, Christian von Pienzenau, "who sits on the old family estate in Pienzenau", gave these goods to Benediktbeuern for the Pienzenau early mass . So the Penzo von Au (near Aibling) is probably the progenitor of the Pienzenauer.
The last Pienzenau, Freiin Caroline (1783–1862) married Count Carl August von Yrsch. Her son Sigmund received permission from the Bavarian King Max II in 1857 to call himself and his descendants Count von Yrsch-Pienzenau in order to preserve a memory of the noble family of the Pienzenau.
“Here in 1504,
under the rule of Emperor Maximilian I,
the brave defender of the Kufstein Fortress,
Hans von Pienzenau, was
beheaded.
He died as a sacrifice of faithful fulfillment of duty
to his employer
Rupprecht von der Pfalz. "
coat of arms
Blazon : The silver coat of arms shows a black diagonal bar covered with three golden balls. On the helmet with black and silver covers “a man's torso in white clothing with a black collar (s), on the head a white hat with three ostrich feathers, black, white, black, with a black faceplate, in which three gold Balls ".
Hans von Pienzenau ("the Pienzenauer")
A representative of the Pienzenau family has made it into the history books with his story.
The judicial districts of Rattenberg , Kitzbühel and Kufstein always belonged to Bavaria until 1504. Tyrol ended at the ancient Ziller border . Belonging to Tyrol goes to Emperor Maximilian I return.
The Pienzenau were an old Bavarian noble family. As carers for Kufstein , they replaced several Ebbs who were in cousin with the Pienzenauers.
Maximilian I of Habsburg Austria, at that time the Roman-German King and Prince of Tyrol, had used inheritance disputes within the widely ramified Wittelsbach family to demand compensation for his partisanship in favor of the Upper Bavarian line residing in Munich and against the Palatinate Wittelsbacher . He was thinking of those old Bavarian areas that stretched from the foothills of the Alps in the Inn valley into the mountains to the mouth of the Ziller, the areas of Kufstein, Rattenberg and Kitzbühel. Maximilian received a corresponding assurance from the dukes in Munich, and he then took part in battles against the Palatinate party at great expense and at the risk of his own life.
The captain appointed by the Wittelsbachers over the castle and city of Kufstein, Hans von Pienzenau, first took note of this decision and in June 1504 transferred the Bavarian city and fortress to the Habsburg Maximilian I. In return, the Pienzenauer received his function as commandant confirmed and swore an oath to the king as his new master. In order to be better armed against possible attacks by the Palatinate Wittelsbachers, Maximilian even had the fortress reinforced with additional guns from the Innsbruck armory.
But when a Palatinate troop appeared in front of Kufstein in August, Hans von Pienzenau handed the city and fortress over to this party. Whether money was involved or whether the Pienzenauer's particular attachment to the Wittelsbachers and Bavaria was the motive for the captain's renewed change of party, can no longer be decided today. Kufstein - now again as a Bavarian bastion - was again well supplied with provisions and equipment, Bohemian mercenaries in the service of the Palatinate-Wittelsbach party reinforced the occupation.
In Maximilian's eyes, Pienzenauer's change of front represented a tremendous breach of loyalty; he swore to make the castle captain atone for this betrayal with his life.
Although the head of the empire had enough troops and artillery , the conquest of this heavily fortified complex posed some problems for the besiegers. The city of Kufstein itself was surrounded by a very high wall reinforced with towers. The fortress rising above the city with its towers and rondelles was practically impregnable; it was also well equipped with guns and ammunition.
After firing the usual three warning shots on October 4th, the king asked the city and fortress to surrender, which Pienzenauer refused, trusting the heavily armored facility and hoping for relief. The fortress withstood the fire of a total of 24 cannons without being damaged.
Hans von Pienzenau is said to have brushed the plaster away from the walls with a broom, which had been slightly damaged by the bombardment. The king’s weapons, which had been used up to that point, had proven so ineffective that the majesty was exposed to public ridicule. Maximilian therefore directed the fire at the weaker water bastions of the city fortifications, which soon afterwards were nothing more than a heap of rubble. On October 12th, the city surrendered to the king in return for an assurance of life and property in order to avert a storm.
The Pienzenauer was not impressed by the capitulation of the city of Kufstein and turned down the royal offer to surrender the fortress against safe conduct; he believed with his around 50 men that he would be able to hold the position until relief arrived. Maximilian had meanwhile had his heaviest artillery brought over the Inn from the Innsbruck armory by water. With the giant cannons "Purlepauß" and "Weckauf" from Austria, which could shoot iron balls weighing 100 kg, he wanted to get to grips with the fortress. And indeed: the system was ready for storm within three days.
Only now did Hans von Pienzenau declare that he was ready to hand over the property with an assurance of free withdrawal. Maximilian brusquely refused this bold request, he had not forgotten the treason and arrogance of the castle captain after the fall of the city of Kufstein. The castle was stormed on October 17th, the crew were captured and led away in chains.
Maximilian saw the betrayal of Pienzenauer and the rejection of the generous offer after the fall of the city as a personal snub. On October 18, the castle captain and 17 of his fellow soldiers were executed with the sword.
Place names
Pienzenau as a place name means something like Au of Pienzo or Penzo. In terms of linguistics, “Pienzo” is a more recent form of “Penzo”. In the municipality of Weyarn in the district of Miesbach, there are now the villages of Großpienzenau and Kleinpienzenau , which are 1 km apart and owe their names to the former Pienzenau castle .
The place Pienzenau in the municipality of Bruck in the district of Ebersberg was only founded between 1950 and 1955. It is intended to commemorate the Pienzenau family, who have been wealthy here for centuries and who owned a lot of land in the area around Ebersberg .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mon. boica VI 28
See also
literature
- Sigmund Ritter von Riezler: Pienzenau, Hans von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 26, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 112-115.
- online at: Deutsche-Biographie.de , accessed on April 18, 2014
- Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume X, Volume 119 of the complete series, p. 354, CA Starke Verlag , Limburg (Lahn) 1999, ISSN 0435-2408
