Walther Jaensch

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Walther Jaensch

Walther Rudolf Jaensch (born April 5, 1889 in Breslau , † April 1, 1950 in Berlin ) was a German anthropologist and sports medicine specialist .

meaning

After the First World War, the structure and behavior of the human community with regard to health, social and population measures to be taken were increasingly researched worldwide - in Germany often for ethnic reasons. In this way, scientific principles and the methodology for their implementation were developed. Adolf Hitler used the knowledge to realize his National Socialist view of the world, from 1933 often with the involvement of scientists. In this context the areas of eugenetics and constitution should be mentioned in particular , in which Jaensch worked and which degenerated into racial hygiene .

Live and act

As the son of a doctor in Breslau, Jaensch first studied medicine at the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University . He became active in the Corps Borussia Breslau in 1908 and proved himself as a subsenior , consenior and chestnut major . As an inactive , he moved to the Friedrichs University Halle and the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . In 1914 he passed the state examination .

During the First World War he was a junior doctor on the war front . He was wounded and awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd and 1st class. After the war he worked from 1919 at the Philipps University in Marburg as a trainee doctor with Professor Gustav von Bergmann . In 1920 he was promoted to Dr. med. PhD . At that time he helped the Corps Rhenania Strasbourg to gain a foothold in Marburg. For this he received the ribbon in 1920 . He worked at the psychological institute led by his brother Erich Rudolf Jaensch and made a name for himself in experimental psychology . The brothers did research in the new areas of sensory memory and psychonaturalism . He then worked at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main on the performance of people with minor disorders. In Frankfurt he completed his habilitation in internal medicine, constitutional and hereditary biology . Jaensch received a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in the field of genetic biology .

In 1927 Jaensch switched to the Charité , where he headed the psychophysiological laboratory. One of the new departments was also a counseling center for physical and mental development disorders and was funded by private foundations and the Rockefeller Foundation. In 1929 he became a specialist in internal medicine and corrective constitutional therapy for children with developmental disorders. He was also allowed to use the title sports doctor . From 1931 he was a part-time lecturer in biopsychology and sports medicine at the German University for Physical Education in Berlin-Grunewald. In 1932 he became head of the private institute for constitution research and outpatient clinic for constitutional medicine at the Charité.

In 1933 he received a teaching position at the Charité and in 1934 the title of non-civil servant associate professor . In 1936 he took part in the II. International Sports Medical Congress with a contribution to racial politics. In 1940 Jaensch became director of the University Institute and Polyclinic for Constitutional Medicine at the Charité, after he had run this holistic medicine facility privately since 1932 with the support of the National Socialist German Lecturer Association and was nationalized in 1940. For this reason, Jaensch was released from military service in 1940 after having spent the first years of the war at the front as a military doctor. His scientific achievements were considered dubious by his colleagues and the clinic management ( Max de Crinis ). Jaensch carried out examinations with an autotonograph (blood pressure recorder). He sat on the advisory board of the German Society for Constitution Research .

Jaensch joined the National Socialist Teachers 'Association on February 1, 1933, and two months later the National Socialist German Workers' Party . In November 1933 he signed the professors' declaration of Adolf Hitler at German universities and colleges . In March 1936 he completed an exercise as senior physician d. Res. In Potsdam with the General SS , in which he became Oberscharführer (membership number 219156) and most recently held the rank of Hauptsturmführer (Oberstabsarzt) in the training staff of the SS main office for medical training . Jaensch was deputy for two and a half years. Leader of the Nazi lecturers at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin .

In 1944, Jaensch married Friedel Krockow despite an unfavorable hereditary assessment by the SS. After the end of the war, he was arrested by the Soviet military administration in Germany and held in several special camps near Berlin. Seven weeks after his release in 1950, Jaensch died of the consequences of imprisonment. In the Soviet occupation zone , his writing was body shape, essence and race (Thieme, Leipzig 1934), the body shape, race, soul and physical exercises he wrote with colleagues (Metzner, Berlin 1936) and the constitutional and genetic biology in practice he published der Medizin (Barth, Leipzig 1934) placed on the list of literature to be discarded.

Fonts

  • Basics of a physiology and clinic of the psycho-physical personality: A contribution to functional diagnostics , Julius Springer, Berlin 1926.
  • Clinical Racial Hygiene and Eugenics , Berlin: R. Schoetz, 1934.
  • (Ed.): Constitutional and genetic biology in the practice of medicine. Lectures of an international advanced training course at the Berlin Academy for Advanced Medical Training in the spring of 1934. Leipzig 1934.
  • Body shaping, race, soul and physical exercises , 3 editions 1936.

literature

  • Michael Grüttner : Biographical Lexicon on National Socialist Science Policy (= Studies on Science and University History. Volume 6). Synchron, Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 3-935025-68-8 .
  • Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945 . 2nd Edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 .
  • Hans-Christian Harten u. a .: Racial hygiene as an educational ideology of the Third Reich , bio-bibliographical manual. Berlin 2006, p. 155.
  • Arne Ristau: Sport and Sports Medicine in National Socialist Germany. Development and design of a specialist discipline with special consideration of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin , Diss. Berlin 2013 online version (Jaensch's curriculum vitae p. 119)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 78 , 707; 100 , 278.
  2. ↑ Dissertation: On the interrelationships of optical, cerebral and somatic stigmas in constitutional types .
  3. ↑ Parallel to the Olympic Games, this congress of sports medicine was supposed to generate a boost and more funding. In addition Jaensch: Race and constitution in the sport medical work , in: II. Internationaler Sportärzte-Kongress Berlin 1936, negotiation report . Edited by Arthur Mallwitz , Leipzig 1936, pp. 328–331.
  4. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1948-nslit-i.html
  5. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1946-nslit-k.html
  6. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1948-nslit-k.html
personal data
SURNAME Jaensch, Walther
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jaensch, Walther Rudolf (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German anthropologist and psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH April 5, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 1950
Place of death Berlin