Whitebeard Warbler

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Whitebeard Warbler
Whitebeard Warbler (Sylvia cantillans)

Whitebeard Warbler ( Sylvia cantillans )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Sylvioidea
Family : Warblers (Sylviidae)
Genre : Warblers ( Sylvia )
Type : Whitebeard Warbler
Scientific name
Sylvia cantillans
( Pallas , 1764)

The Weißbart warbler ( Sylvia cantillans ) or beard warbler is a singing bird from the genus of Whitethroats (Sylvia). It occurs in the Mediterranean area.

description

The white-bearded warbler is 12 to 13 centimeters long and about the same size as the rattle warbler , but slimmer and has a shorter tail. The top is grayish, the underside light. In all clothes they have a white stripe of beard. The wing feathers and their large covers have light hems. The iris is dark, the legs sand-beige. The beak is beige and dark at the tip and top.

The males have a lead-gray head and back. The bright red eye ring and the intense cinnamon-colored to brick-red throat and chest are very striking. This gives the white beard stripe a lot of contrast.

The females have a noticeably paler light gray head and a gray-olive back. The eye ring is whitish, the throat has a pink tinge, as are the flanks, the underside is otherwise white.

In the first winter, young birds are brown-olive on the top and white on the underside.

voice

The call is a hard “ta” or “tek”, which can also be given irregularly in rows. On the western Mediterranean islands the call sounds like “trrrrt”, in Southeastern Europe and Turkey like “trek”, which is often called twice. In the event of a fault, the whitebeard warbler hoarsely calls "Tschä Tschä Tschä ..."

The singing consists of relatively long stanzas and, in addition to sounds that resemble the call, also contains other dry sounds, but no flute tones and lower tones. The range of the singing is small, it is often performed while singing. In autumn the song can also contain imitations.

Systematics

There are five subspecies , in three demarcated groups, which approximate the status of allospecies .

  • S. c. cantillans ( Pallas , 1764) the nominate form comes in southwestern Europe to northern Italy before
  • S. c. inornata ( von Tschusi , 1906) occurs in northwest Africa , more colorful than S. c. albistiata , the underside is brick red, the belly very little white, the females are pale cinnamon-colored on the underside with more white on the belly
  • S. c. moltonii ( Orlando , 1937) comes to the Balearic Islands , Corsica and Sardinia ago
  • S. c. albistriata ( Brehm, CL , 1855) occurs in southeastern Europe including Turkey , the chest is chestnut-colored, the belly lighter and the beard is wider than in the nominate form.
  • S. c. iberiae ( Svensson , 2013) occurs on the Iberian Peninsula. Due to morphological differences from S. c. inornata split off.

With the exception of S. c. inornata and S. c. iberiae , all subspecies have been detected in Central Europe .

habitat

The white-bearded warbler lives in macchia , thinly overgrown stone , cork and downy oak forests . The highest stand density is found in high macchia or garrigue with trees and in less arid habitats, e.g. B. Oleander growth near rivers. In the cultural landscape it only occurs in remnants of the natural Mediterranean vegetation.

distribution

The whitebeard warbler is widespread throughout the Mediterranean. It occurs on the entire Iberian Peninsula with the exception of the west and north coast, across southern France to southern Italy and Sicily , northern Italy to Tuscany and the Mediterranean islands. It can also be found from southern Slovenia , across the Mediterranean coasts of the Balkans , Bulgaria , all of Greece to western Anatolia .

hikes

The whitebeard warbler is a migratory bird . Their wintering area is from the west of the Sahel to the east to the north-west of Sudan and south-west Egypt . The withdrawal from the breeding areas begins at the end of June, most of all in France from mid-July. The peak of the passage is reached in the west from August to September, in the Camargue on August 24th. Latecomers can be observed in the east until the end of October. The arrival in the south of France begins from mid-March, stragglers arrive until mid-May. During their return, the whitebeard warbler can be found in large numbers on the central and western Mediterranean islands.

Reproduction

Whitebeard warbler eggs

The nest is made in low bushes, rarely higher than a meter. It is made from stalks and bark from rosemary or juniper . The outsides are covered with cobwebs. The inside is padded with animal hair and plant wool. The clutch consists of 3 to 4 eggs, spotted on a greenish background, whose dimensions are 16.5 × 12.9 millimeters and weigh 1.42 grams. Both partners incubate them for 11 to 13 days, even if the majority lies with the female. The boys are nestled and hatch naked. They have a red throat with a yellowish rim. They are fed by both parents. In rain or shine, the female protects the young with spread wings. The nestling period is 11 to 12 days. If the female starts a second brood, the male continues to feed the first young. The breeding season lasts from mid-April to early June.

food

The food mainly consists of insects , and in summer and autumn also fruits .

supporting documents

literature

  • H.-G. Bauer, E. Bezzel, W. Fiedler : The compendium of birds in Central Europe. Everything about biology, endangerment and protection. Volume 2: Passeriformes – passerine birds. 2. completely revised Ed., AULA-Verlag Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-89104-648-0 .
  • CW Mackworth-Praed, CHB Grant: African Handbook of Birds, Series III, Volume II - Birds of West Central and Western Africa. Longman Ltd., London 1973, ISBN 0-582-03114-1
  • L. Svensson, PJ Grant, K. Mullarney, D. Zetterström: The new cosmos bird guide - All species of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart, 1999, ISBN 3-440-07720-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ H. Shirihai, G. Gargallo, AJ Helbig: Sylvia Warblers - Identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of genus Sylvia . C. Helm, London 2001.
  2. ^ Svensson, L. (2013). A taxonomic revision of the Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans. Bull BOC 133 (3): 240-248.
  3. ↑ P. Isenmann: Modalites de la migration de la Fauvette Orphee ( Sylvia hortensis ) et de la Fauvette passerinette ( Sylvia cantillans ) en Camargue. Alauda 57, 1989, pp. 60-70
  4. ↑ E. Cerato: La Sterpazzolina, Sylvia cantillans , Provincia di Vicenza. Riv. Italian ornitol. 60, 1990, pp. 147-152.
  5. ↑ A. Massi, F. Spina, A. Montemaggiori (eds.): Progetto Piccole Isole: risultati generali e resoconto dell'VIII anno di attivita. Boll. Attivita Inanellamento 5, Suppl., 1995, pp. 1-79

Web links

Commons : White-bearded Warbler ( Sylvia cantillans )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files