Werner Holmberg

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Werner Holmberg , 1853, painting by Per Södermark

Gustaf Werner Holmberg (born November 1, 1830 in Helsingfors , † September 24, 1860 in Düsseldorf ) was a Finnish painter from the Düsseldorf School .

Life

Holmberg, one of the numerous children of the Finnish-Swedish Chamber Council Olof Henrik Holmberg and his wife Josepha (Josefina) Gustava, née Federley, attended primary school in Helsingfors from 1840 . In 1846 he moved to a private lyceum, where he was instructed by the painter Johan Erik Lindh in his last school year . He received private painting lessons in 1842 or 1843 from Pehr Adolf Kruskopf (1805-1852), who was educated in St. Petersburg . He advised him to continue his education at the St. Petersburg Art Academy , but the plan was abandoned. In spring 1848 Holmberg took part in an exhibition of the Finnish Art Association with two paintings. After he was forced to study law for two years from 1848 by his parents, who wanted their son to become a civil servant, he began training as an architect . At the same time he was allowed to take drawing lessons from Magnus von Wright at the university and to attend the drawing school of the Finnish Art Association, where Berndt Abraham Godenhjelm (1799–1881) taught as an art teacher. In 1850 he supported the painter Robert Wilhelm Ekman with the frescoes he carried out in Turku Cathedral . During this time, Holmberg began to freely compose landscapes. In 1853 the father agreed and allowed his son to study painting in Düsseldorf. Holmberg was the first Finnish artist to study landscape painting there . When he arrived in 1853, he counted 30 Nordic artists who were in Düsseldorf. From 1853 to 1854 he was a private student of Erik Bodom , from 1854 to 1856 he took private lessons from Hans Fredrik Gude , whose landscape class he also attended at the Düsseldorf Art Academy in 1855/1856, and whom he accompanied on a study trip to Norway. In 1858 he married Anna Glad (Vang 1835 - 1909 Oslo), a student of Otto Mengelberg in Düsseldorf, who from then on gave up painting. On February 9, 1860, their daughter Anna, called Betzy († 1900), was born in Düsseldorf, who became a composer after studying music in Copenhagen and Leipzig. Holmberg, who is regarded as the first Finnish painter of international standard, died in Düsseldorf in September 1860 of pulmonary tuberculosis , from which he had suffered for years. In the year of his death, he was appointed a member of the St. Petersburg Art Academy and appointed as a teacher at the Grand Ducal Saxon Art School in Weimar .

Holmberg, whose work was particularly influenced by Andreas Achenbach's work, mainly created large-format landscapes, mostly motifs from Germany, Norway and Finland, which he prepared in watercolor drawings . He also drew cartoons . His pictures are considered an "artistic rediscovery of the Finnish landscape". In 1890 the Finnish state acquired a large collection of his watercolor studies. Holmberg's work was represented in domestic and foreign exhibitions, for example in Stockholm in 1866 and posthumously in 1935 in Berlin, Düsseldorf and Hamburg, 1937 in Milan and Rome, 1953/54 in Moscow and Leningrad and again in Düsseldorf in 1976. Works can be found in the Ateneum and the Cygnaeuksen Gallery in Helsinki, in the museums of Imatra, Joensuu and Turku (Finland), in the Gothenburg Art Museum (Sweden) and in the National Gallery in Oslo (Norway).

Works (selection)

German landscape (farm in Westphalia) , 1855
Thunderstorm over the Näsijärvi , 1860
Street in Häme (A Hot Summer's Day) , 1860
  • The schooner “Hoppet” (hope) in Rödhamn, drawn during the sea voyage to Germany , 23.5 × 31 cm; 1853: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no.227).
  • The Kyrö waterfall in Finland with a sawmill, 110 × 102.5 cm; Düsseldorf 1854; issued: Düsseldorf 1976, cat.-no. 135: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no.228).
  • German Landscape (Farmhouse in Westphalia) , 1855: Pori Art Museum.
  • View from Tawastland , 50 × 75 cm; 1855: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no.236).
  • Autumn morning , 1856: Turku, Art Museum.
  • German Landscape , 1856: Helsinki, Cygnaeuksen Gallery.
  • German Palace Park , 56.5 × 64 cm; Düsseldorf 1856: Helsinki, Ateneum (Cat. 1912: No. 229).
  • Im Gesteins bei Düsseldorf , watercolor, 34 × 27 cm: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no. 665). - Forest interior (Metsän sisustaa), 1857; Fig .: Wennervirta 1934, no.31.
  • Landscape near Kuru , watercolor, 33.5 × 53 cm; inscribed: W. Holmberg. Kuru 16 July 57 : order cat. Gothenburg Art Museum 1979, No. 1343.
  • Landscape from Kuru , 42 × 56.5 cm; 1858: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no.230).
  • View from Birkala , 59.5 × 913 cm; 1858: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no.231; ill .: Hahm (1933).
  • Landscape from Tawastland (Landskap fra Tavastland), 135 × 189 cm; around 1859/60: Oslo, National Gallery; Fig .: 1973 inventory catalog, no.230.
  • Landscape study , 20.5 × 28 cm; unmarked: Oslo, Nationalgalerie; Inventory catalog 1973, No. 231.
  • Motif from Oppebygden, Norway , 26 × 32.5 cm; 1858: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no. 666); Early in the morning , issued: Düsseldorf 1976, cat.-no. 136 (fig.).
  • Autumn morning in Ringerrige, Norway , watercolor, 42 × 59 cm: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: No. 667).
  • Spring landscape (Metsämaisema ringerikestä); Fig .: Wennervirta 1934, No. 29, Helsinki, private collection.
  • Motif from Domarby, Finland , watercolor, 38 × 56 cm: Helsinki, Ateneum (Cat. 1912: No. 668).
  • Farm in Kuru / peat farmer's hut in Kuru (Torppa Kurussa), 71.5 × 117.5; 1859: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no.232; cat. 1958: illus.).
  • Kate on the way to the city , 59 × 77.5 cm; 1858; issued: Düsseldorf 1976, cat.-no. 137; Porvoo, Lyceum.
  • Landscape at the Leppälahti , watercolor 1859: Helsinki, Ateneum; Fig .: Hahm (1933), Wennervirta (1934), no.33, Okkonen (1939).
  • Forest in rainy weather , 1859: property of the Finnish state; Helsinki, Ateneum; Fig .: Tikkanen (1925).
  • Motif by Toriseva , 1859: Helsinki, Villa Gyllenberg.
  • Finnish landscape , pen drawing, 1860; Fig .: Okkonen (1939), private collection.
  • Katen in Kuru , 71 × 117.5 cm; 1860: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no. 233); issued: Düsseldorf 1976, cat.-no. 138.
  • Bay at Pyhäsee , 1860: Joensuu, Art Museum.
  • Tawastland hop garden , 62 × 56 cm; 1860: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no. 671); According to the dictionary of the Düsseldorf School of Painting: Helsinki, Villa Gyllenberg.
  • Thunderstorm over the Näsijärvi , 36 × 50 cm; 1860: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: No. 670); issued: Düsseldorf 1976, cat.-no. 140; According to the dictionary of the Düsseldorf School of Painting: Helsinki, Villa Gyllenberg. - View of the Näsijärvi , 1860; Fig .: Wennervirta (1934), No. 30; Okkonen (1939).
  • Country road in Tawastland (road in Häme / A hot summer day), 88 × 102 cm, 1860: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no. 669; property of the university); Fig .: Tikkanan (1925); issued: Düsseldorf 1976, cat.-no. 139 (color illus. P. 111).
  • Post (Postitie), 1860: Helsinki, Ateneum; Fig .: Wennervirta (1934), no.30.
  • Landscape near Kyrkslätt, Finland , 39 × 55.5 cm: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: No. 664).
  • Country road with sheep , 68.5 × 103 cm: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: no.672).
  • Summer landscape , 42 × 57 cm: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: No. 1073; bequest of Baroness A. von Oertzen).
  • Mill in the Forest (Vesimylly): Helsinki, Ateneum; Fig .: Wennervirta 1934, no.25.
  • Log cabin in Tavastland (Hämäläinen humalisto): Helsinki, Ateneum; Fig .: Wennervirta (1934), No. 26).
  • Mill at a dam (Myllypato): Helsinki, Ateneum; Fig .: Wennervirta (1934), no.32.
  • Mountain lake (Aihe tyrisevältä); Fig .: Wennervirta (1934), no.27, private property.
  • Spring landscape (Kevätmaisema); Fig .: Wennervirta (1934), no.24, Helsinki, private collection.
  • Harvest (rukiinleikuu); Fig .: Wennervirta (1934), no.23, private collection.
  • Bay at Heiligensee (Pyhäjärven lahti); Fig .: Wennervirta (1934), no.22, Helsinki, private collection.
  • Cattle pasture with birch trees , unfinished, 150 × 108.5 cm, and
  • Forest landscape at Näsijärvi , underpainted, 71.5 × 99 cm; Gifts from Anna Holmberg, the artist's widow: Helsinki, Ateneum (cat. 1912: nos. 234 and 235).

literature

  • Holmberg, Gustaf Werner . In: Arvid Ahnfelt (Hrsg.): Europe's constituent: alfabetiskt ordade biografier öfver vårt århundrades förnämsta artister . Oskar L. Lamms Förlag, Stockholm 1887, p. 221-222 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
  • Eliel Aspelin: Werner Holmberg. Hans lefnad och Verk. Helsingfors 1890.
  • Holmberg, G. Werner. In: Friedrich von Boetticher: painter works of the 19th century. Contribution to art history. Volume 1/2, sheets 31–61: Heideck – Mayer, Louis. Ms. v. Boetticher's Verlag, Dresden 1895, p. 566 ( archive.org ).
  • Holmberg, Werner (Gustaf Werner) . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 17 : Heubel – Hubard . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1924, p. 391-392 .
  • Directory of the art collections in the Atheneum Helsingfors. Helsinki 1912.
  • Johan Jacob Tikkanen: Modern Art in Finland. Helsinki 1925 (3 fig.).
  • Konrad Hahm : Art in Finland. Berlin 1933 (2 ills.).
  • Ludvig Wennervirta: Finland's Konsten. Helsinki 1934 (12 figs.).
  • Ludvig Wennervirta: Suomen taidetta 1800-luvulaa. Porvoo 1934.
  • Onni Okkonen: L'art finlandais aux XIXe et XXe siècles. Helsinki 1938 (3 fig.). - The same: Finnish art. Berlin 1943.
  • Kuvataiteilijat. Suomen kuvataiteilijoiden henkilöhakemisto. Helsinki 1972.
  • Düsseldorf and the north. Exhibition catalog, Düsseldorf 1976 (6 works / 2 illustrations).
  • Emanuel Bénézit (Ed.): Dictionnaire Critique et Documentaire des Peintres, Sculpteurs, Dessinateurs et Graveurs de tous les temps et de tous les pays. Volume V, 1976.
  • A. Reitala: Werner Holmbergin taide. Koiruu 1986.
  • Markku Valkonen: Finland's art in focus. Otava, Helsinki 1992.
  • O. Valkonen: Erkrath and W. Holmberg's last painting. A small addition to Holmberg research. In: Ateneum. The Finnish National Gallery Bulletin. Helsinki 1995, pp. 7-25.
  • Hanna Eggerath: In the rock. The original Neandertal in pictures from the 19th century. With a contribution by Irene Markowitz : Die Düsseldorfer Landschaftsmaler und das Stein. Bergische Forschungen 26, Cologne 1996.
  • Hans Paffrath (Ed.): Lexicon of the Düsseldorf School of Painting 1819–1918. Volume 2: Haach – Murtfeldt. Published by the Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf in the Ehrenhof and by the Paffrath Gallery. Bruckmann, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2 , pp. 128, 130-131 (3 figs.)
  • Inventory catalog Ateneum Helsinki 1958 (1 ill.).
  • Inventory catalog Nationalgalerie Oslo 1973.
  • Karl-Gustaf Hedén (arr.): Göteborgs Konstmuseum. Painter collectibles. Inventory catalog of the Kunstmuseum Göteborg 1979.

Web links

Commons : Werner Holmberg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernd Henningsen, Janine Klein u. a. (Ed.): Elective Affinities - Scandinavia and Germany 1800–1914 . Exhibition catalog, Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin 1997, p. 314. - See Sabine Schroyen: “A true brotherhood seems to reign among them.” The artists' association Malkasten and its international members. In: Bettina Baumgärtel (Hrsg.): The Düsseldorf School of Painting and its international impact 1819–1918 . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9 , Volume 1, p. 279, footnote 39
  2. ↑ Bettina Baumgärtel, Sabine Schroyen, Lydia Immerheiser, Sabine Teichgröb: Directory of foreign artists. Nationality, residence and studies in Düsseldorf . In: Bettina Baumgärtel (Ed.), Volume 1, p. 432.
  3. ↑ Rudolf Theimann: The student lists the landscape explanation Assen from Schirmer to Dücker . In: Wend von Kalnein : The Düsseldorf School of Painting . Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9 , p. 146.
  4. ↑ In 1892 she married the Hamburg business traveler Johann Heinrich Ludwig Deis.
  5. ^ Wend von Kalnein: The influence of Düsseldorf on painting outside Germany. In: Wend von Kalnein: The Düsseldorf School of Painting . Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9 , p. 201.
  6. ↑ Bettina Baumgärtel (Ed.), Volume 2, p. 345, catalog no. 286.
personal data
SURNAME Holmberg, Werner
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Holmberg, Gustaf Werner (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Finnish painter
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1830
PLACE OF BIRTH Helsinki
DATE OF DEATH September 24, 1860
Place of death Dusseldorf